Many freedom fighters took part in Indian freedom struggle.They are as follows: At this meeting, officials were instructed not to obstruct the Hindu rage following the incident. Activists and members of the opposition insisted on a judicial commission to be set up and headed by a sitting judge rather than a retired one from the high court. Mandvi beach Beautiful Beach What brother, should we run relief camps? [16][64] The rioters used mobile phones to coordinate their attacks. [211][212], By 27 March 2002, nearly one-hundred thousand displaced people moved into 101 relief camps. This alerted the Gujarat police which started the probe. Undhiyu is prepared on this day According to Section 302, top management within a firm must certify individually the accuracy of financial information ("Sarbanes-Oxley Act Section 302", 2003). The team successfully located and exhumed the remains of victims. Although the Supreme Court had declared such strikes to be unconstitutional and illegal, and despite the common tendency for such strikes to be followed by violence, no action was taken by the state to prevent the strike. carbon concentration in the Other than Raghavan, half of the six members of the team were recruited from the Gujarat police, and the Gujarat High Court was still responsible for appointing judicial officers. You must be informed, on what SOX is set up for and the intent in which it is to be used. "[152], Early in 2003, the state government of Gujarat set up the Nanavati-Shah commission to investigate the entire incident, from the initial one at Godhra to the ensuing violence. Twenty-nine people were acquitted during the verdict. I still don't understand that why Media and few Muslims still think that Modi allowed the riots to take place. . The local newspapers Sandesh and Gujarat Samachar, however, were heavily criticised. Shri Govind Guru University was established by the Government of Gujarat vide Gujarat Act No. The colony was later visited by Modi on 6 March, who promised the residents that they would be taken care of. The BJP capitalised on the violence using posters and videotapes of the Godhra incident and painting Muslims as terrorists. "[168] Pravin Togadia, international president of the Vishva Hindu Parishad (VHP), said "All Hindutva opponents will get the death sentence" and Ashok Singhal, the then president of the VHP, has said that the violence in Gujarat was a "successful experiment" which would be repeated nationwide. [42], In 2003, The Concerned Citizens Tribunal (CCT)[Note 1] concluded that the fire had been an accident. 1 Leading Hindi Newspaper Amar Ujala covering godhra kand samachar in Hindi, election news, crime news, education news and more "[90], Dionne Bunsha, writing on the Gulbarg Society massacre and murder of Ehsan Jafri, has said that when Jafri begged the crowd to spare the women, he was dragged into the street and forced to parade naked for refusing to say "Jai Shri Ram." [108], Dipankar Gupta believes that the state and police were clearly complicit in the violence, but that some officers were outstanding in the performance of their duties, such as Himanshu Bhatt and Rahul Sharma. 1 The earthquake struck the heavily populated (LEDC) state of Gujarat in western India. ", Further promotion of communal violence by Shiv sena, VHP and Muslim extremist groups, Organisational changes and political reactions, The Concerned Citizen's Tribunal (CCT) was an eight-member committee headed by. [92] According to police records, 157 riots after the Godhra incident were started by Muslims. Sarbanes-Oxley Act 2002 "[69][107] The Jamiat Ulama-i-Hind claimed in 2002 that some regional Congress workers collaborated with the perpetrators of the violence. Patel organized the peasants of Kheda, Borsad, and Bardoli in... ...Earthquakes Enquiry कई पत्रकारों का मानना है कि 2002 में गोधरा में साबरमती एक्सप्रेस पर हुए हमले की शुरुआत दाहोद रेलवे स्टेशन पर हुई एक घटना से हुई थी. [207], Hindu groups in the US also protested and planned to demonstrate in cities in Florida. Godhra is a Municipality in Panchmahal district in Indian state of Gujarat. ACC 561 Tehelka also recorded Ranjitsinh Patel where he stated that he and Prabhatsinh Patel had been paid fifty thousand rupees each to amend earlier statements and to identify some Muslims as conspirators. Of them, 11,167 were arrested for criminal behavior (3,269 Muslim, 7,896 Hindu) and 16,615 were arrested as a preventive measure (2,811 Muslim, 13,804 Hindu). [175] Defending the Modi administration in the Rajya Sabha against charges of genocide, BJP spokesman V. K. Malhotra said that the official toll of 254 Hindus, killed mostly by police fire, indicates how the state authorities took effective steps to curb the violence. Sharma was reported to have said "I don't think any other job would have allowed me to save so many lives. [24][25] Other observers have stated that these events had met the "legal definition of genocide,"[26] or referred to them as state terrorism or ethnic cleansing. A Lasting Legacy: The BJP-led National Democratic Alliance and India's Politics Journal of Contemporary Asia Vol. [73][91], The Times of India reported that over ten thousand Hindus were displaced during the violence. Children were force fed petrol and then set on fire,[81] pregnant women were gutted and then had their unborn child's body shown to them. Or The Indian Supreme Court, acting on a petition by social activist Teesta Setalvad, ordered a retrial outside Gujarat in which nine accused were found guilty in 2006. Most of them were Hindu. 11 of the 31 convicts were given the death penalty while the remaining were given life imprisonment. [16] In many instances, police joined the mobs in perpetrating violence. . [20] In April 2014, the Supreme Court expressed satisfaction over the SIT's investigations in nine cases related to the violence, and rejected a plea contesting the SIT report as "baseless". Dr. Carolyn Harold The report stated that Gujarat Samachar had played a role in increasing the tensions but did not give all of its coverage over to "hawkish and inflammatory reportage in the first few weeks". At one Muslim locality, of the twenty-nine deaths, sixteen were caused by police firing into the locality. Bhuj The earthquake lasted just 45 seconds but caused incredible damage. The leaders of the mobs even raped young girls, some as young as 11 years old . [80] The Gujarat earthquake started at 8:46 am on Friday 26th January 2001. GODHRA KAND PDF - 1. Makar Sankranti (14th January) "[87] Children and infants were speared and held aloft before being thrown into fires. Narendra Modi as a CM fell prey to a great political conspiracy. The big tremors of the earthquake proved too much for the previously earthquake proof Nimitz highway. "[79], It is estimated that at least two-hundred and fifty girls and women were gang raped and then burned to death. [213] The camps were run by community groups and NGOs, with the government committing to provide amenities and supplementary services. [200], In April 2012, the three-member SIT formed in 2008 by the Supreme Court as a response to a petition by one of the aggrieved in the Gulmerg massacre absolved Modi of any involvement in the Gulberg massacre, arguably the worst episode of the riots. [48] However, the Gujarat High Court ruled in 2006 that the matter was outside the jurisdiction of the union government, and that the committee was therefore unconstitutional. In addition, penalties for fraudulent financial activity are much more severe. 5.Which Indian P.M.was from Gujarat? 24/2015. [138], In February 2011 a special fast track court convicted thirty-one Muslims for the Godhra train burning incident and the conspiracy for the crime[56], On 9 November 2011, a court in Ahmedabad sentenced thirty-one Hindus to life imprisonment for murdering dozens of Muslims by burning a building in which they took shelter. The act contains 11 titles, or sections, ranging from additional corporate board responsibilities to criminal penalties, and requires the Securities and Exchange Commission (SEC) to implement rulings on requirements to comply with the new law. The court also set aside the acquittal of the remaining seven accused in the case, including Gujarat police officers and doctors of a government hospital, who were charged with suppressing and tampering with evidence. New aspects were created by Sarbanes-Oxley for corporate accountability as well as new penalties for wrong doings. Hence, basically you don’t believe in Supreme Court judgement, so do I. . Prepared By Morarji Desai [45][46] Historian Ainslie Thomas Embree stated that the official story of the attack on the train (that it was organized and carried out by people under orders from Pakistan) was entirely baseless. [195] The Gujarat government blocked telecast of cable news channels broadcasting the expose, a move strongly condemned by the Editors Guild of India. In damage estimates it came to $5.5 billion. [96], India Today reported on 20 May 2002 that there were sporadic attacks on Hindus in Ahmedabad. In the Standard 10 social studies textbook, the "charismatic personality" of "Hitler the Supremo" and the "achievements of Nazism" are described at length. Mahatma Gandhi (Mohandas Karamchand Gandhi) was born into a Hindu Modh family in Porbandar, Gujarat, India in 1869. 3 You may not be an accountant today but if you are studying a business or financial degree program you will learn the role that SOX has set in the business world. before burning them alive. [89], Vandana Shiva stated that "Young boys have been taught to burn, rape and kill in the name of Hindutva. Communal history of Godhra for the record Posted on May 22, 2008 - Filed Under 01 - The Godhra Carnage | 6 Comments Godhra is main centre of Panchmahal district, which is considered to be communally very sensitive. The word is more than just the name of a town located in Panchmahal district in the western Indian state of Gujarat. [159], A fact finding mission by the Sahmat organisation led by Dr. Kamal Mitra Chenoy concluded that the violence was more akin to ethnic cleansing or a pogrom rather than communal violence. In many cases, attackers damaged or burned Muslim-owned or occupied buildings while leaving adjacent Hindu buildings untouched. Sardar Vallabhbhai Patel Airport only 1 port [148][149][150] Headed by retired Supreme Court Justice Krishna Iyer, the CCT released its findings in 2003 and stated that, contrary to the government allegation of a conspiracy in Godhra, the incident had not been pre-planned and there was no evidence to indicate otherwise. Edwina Wilson [214] At least another 100 camps were denied government support, according to a camp organiser,[215] and relief supplies were prevented from reaching some camps due to fears that they may be carrying arms. Why 2002 Gujarat riots still matter. The CCT consisting of eminent high court judges released a detailed three-volume report on the riots. The historian Gyanendra Pandey described these attacks as state terrorism, saying that they were not riots but "organized political massacres. 19.Kutch Desert Shooting? Ahmed Shah A train filled with Hindu pilgrims returning to Gujarat from Ayodhya stops in the town of Godhra, which is 40 percent Muslim and prone to religious violence. "[151], The state government commissioned J. G. Shah to conduct, what became, a controversial one man inquiry into the Godhra incident, its credibility was questioned and the NHRC and the National Minorities Commission requested that a sitting judge from the supreme court be appointed. Narendra Modi, then Chief Minister of Gujarat and later Prime Minister of India, was accused of initiating and condoning the violence, as were police and government officials who allegedly directed the rioters and gave lists of Muslim-owned properties to them. A CEO or CFO who provide incorrect information for Section 404 audit can be given one million fines and up to 10 years in jail. By Ashish Khetan. [58][59], Following the attack on the train, the Vishva Hindu Parishad (VHP) called for a statewide bandh, or strike. eutectoid, determine the following: A coach of the train--Coach S6--was set ablaze and 59 passengers travelling in that coach were charred to death. The US State Department also cited how Gujarat's high school textbooks described Hitler's "charismatic personality" and the "achievements of Nazism. [181][107], In 2004, the weekly magazine Tehelka published a hidden camera exposé alleging that BJP legislator Madhu Srivastava bribed Zaheera Sheikh, a witness in the Best Bakery case. Even a 20-day-old infant, or a fetus in the womb of its mother, was not spared. If you don't like people, kill them, segregate them. Godhra is a road and rail junction and a commercial centre for timber and agricultural produce. (a) What is the proeutectoid phase? Letter of Intent i US Congressmen John Conyers and Joe Pitts subsequently introduced a resolution in the House condemning the conduct of Modi for inciting religious persecution. [154] Metha's appointment was controversial as he was the judge who allowed Babu Bajrangi, a prime suspect in the massacre Naroda Patiya massacre, to be released on bail. NHRC also expressed "widespread lack of faith" in the integrity of the investigation of major incidents of violence. "[163] Overall, 27,780 people were arrested. On 5 May, Muslim rioters attacked Bhilwas locality in the Shah Alam area. He was the son of Karamchand Gandhi, the divan (Chief Minister) of Porbandar, and Putlibai, Karamchand fourth wife (his previous three wives had died in childbirth), a Hindu of the Pranami Vaishnava order. They stated that Modi's government had a role in "promoting the attitudes of racial supremacy, racial hatred and the legacy of Nazism through his government's support of school textbooks in which Nazism is glorified." [43][44] Several other independent commentators have also concluded that the fire itself was almost certainly an accident, saying that the initial cause of the conflagration has never been conclusively determined. [101][102] With the violence receding in April, a peace meeting was arranged at Sabarmati Ashram, a former home of Mahatma Gandhi. Also to become more knowledgeable on the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002 (SOX) and the impact it has had on the business world. respectively. 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