The Copenhagen Accord is a document which delegates at the 15th session of the Conference of Parties to the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change agreed to "take note of" at the final plenary on 18 December 2009. The Copenhagen Accord is a short, simple document of just over two pages (see www.unfccc.int for a copy). President Obama closed the deal the next day in a meeting with Chinese Premier Wen Jiabao, Indian Prime Minister Manmohan Singh, Brazilian President Luiz Inacio Lula, and South African President Jacob Zuma. “Scaled up, new and additional, predictable and adequate funding” is to be provided to developing countries to support mitigation efforts (including forest-related), adaptation, technology development and transfer, and capacity-building. Below is … T. he road To openhagen. The text of the Copenhagen Accord can be found here. The Copenhagen conference culminated two years of intense negotiations launched with the 2007 Bali Action Plan and drew a level of political attention well beyond that of any previous climate meeting. Yet from its opening the conference was marked by bitter divisions, confusion, and setbacks. Language in those three pages establishes the basis for addressing important climate-related issues such as … The Copenhagen accord, the text that came out of the talks, leaves a long list of issues undecided. It had further announced its intention to reduce emissions by 34% by 2020, and by 42% by 2025, conditional on a legally binding outcome in Mexico and provision of finance, technology and capacity building. The key points of the Accord are as follows: Much of the focus in Copenhagen will be on the political commitments announced by governments on their domestic climate efforts, and on the decisions and “prompt-start” finance needed to quickly operationalize new support for developing countries. 0000018605 00000 n The timeline for doing so is not specified. The accord provided for explicit emission pledges by all major economies – including, for the first time, China and other major developing countries – but charted no clear path toward a treaty with binding commitments. 0000062524 00000 n The Cancun Agreements, hailed by Patricia Espinosa, Mexican Secretary of Foreign Affairs and President of the Cancun Conference, as launching ‘a new era of international cooperation on climate change,’ 1 were concluded on 11 December 2010 to widespread acclaim. 0000011932 00000 n So … The so-called Copenhagen Accord is a mere side deal that leaves undone the true hard work of … In substance, the accord speaks to all of the core elements of the Bali Action Plan: a long-term goal; mitigation; adaptation; finance; technology; forests; and measurement, reporting and verification. Those decisions, however, do not cross-reference the accord. 0000056714 00000 n Additional developing country actions can be added to the appendix on an ongoing basis. Though President Obama and other leaders had indicated weeks earlier that they foresaw only a political agreement, the talks were bottled up for days by Tuvalu’s adamant but unsuccessful demand for immediate consideration of a legally binding outcome. Ministers, who ordinarily attend only the final days of the annual COP, arrived the first week hoping to unlock the stalled talks. 0000037039 00000 n 0000011194 00000 n This agreement is continuation from Kyoto Protocol. A conference of 193 countries agreed on Saturday to "take note" of a new Copenhagen Accord to fight global climate change, after two weeks of U.N. talks in the Danish capital. endstream endobj 87 0 obj <. 0000015696 00000 n xref The Copenhagen Agreement is a document that delegates at the 15th session of the Conference of Parties (COP 15) to the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change agreed to "take note of" at the final plenary on 18 December 2009. The views expressed are attributable only to the author in a personal capacity and not to any institution with which they are associated. The Copenhagen Accord is a critical instrument for addressing such dramatic escalation because it is signed by 140 nations, representing 85 per cent of the world’s GHGemissions. While parties made modest progress in some areas, many of the draft texts remain heavily bracketed. The Copenhagen Accord, the outcome of a challenging negotiation process, is regarded by many as a realistic recognition of the global nature of climate change and the role international finance has to … Its structure and content mirror the ‘Bali Action Plan’, which has guided the Climate Convention (UNFCCC) negotiations over the past two years. The aim of a “legally binding instrument,” which appeared part of the deal when President Obama first announced it, was later stripped out. A plural approach seems to be contemplated in the Copenhagen Accord. The Copenhagen Agreement is a document that delegates at the 15th session of the Conference of Parties to the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change agreed to "take note of" at the final plenary on 18 December 2009.. For the period 2010-2012, developed countries have a “collective commitment” to provide “new and additional resources…approaching USD 30 billion.” Developed countries also commit to a goal of jointly mobilizing $100 billion a year by 2020, “in the context of meaningful mitigation actions and transparency on implementation.” The long-term finance is to be a mix of public (bilateral and multilateral) and private resources. The Kyoto parties adopted a decision forwarding the incomplete texts and calling on the AWG-KP to complete its work for adoption next year at the meeting of the Kyoto parties to be held in parallel with COP 16. The Conference of the Parties (COP), at its fifteenth session, took note of the Copenhagen Accord of 18 December 2009 by way of decision 2/CP.15. 0000007003 00000 n The work and progress of the past two years has not been supplanted by the Accord. 0000009077 00000 n 0000002346 00000 n Actions for which developing countries are seeking support are to be recorded in a registry, and those receiving support will later be listed in the developing country appendix. 0 No. The Copenhagen Accord is clearly a work in progress, with key details such as the emissions reduction targets for industrialized countries and emissions mitigation actions of … The accord declares the “immediate establishment of a mechanism…to enable the mobilization of financial resources from developed countries” to support efforts to reduce emissions from deforestation and forest degradation and to enhance forest sinks. All but a few countries( Bolivia, Cuba etc) supported it. 0000014732 00000 n Framework Convention on Climate Change (UNFCCC) and the Kyoto Protocol that “take note” of the political accord and open the way for governments to individually sign on. 0000061778 00000 n Other dramas in Copenhagen included open squabbling among the typically unified developing country Group of 77, and the struggle between the issue’s two lead protagonists – the United States and China. One group—the Ad Hoc FCCC/CP/2009/11/Add.1 (Mar. 0000029140 00000 n The Copenhagen Accord is a critical instrument for addressing such dramatic escalation because it is signed by 140 nations, representing 85 per cent of the world’s GHGemissions. 0000013393 00000 n No. The Copenhagen Accord resulted from the dynamics of international climate diplomacy, many of which have remained virtually unchanged since the negotiations that produced the Kyoto Protocol. Climate Summit in Copenhagen, Denmark. The deal outlined fell far short of the ambitions for the Copenhagen summit. %PDF-1.4 %���� The Copenhagen Accord The 15th session of the Conference of the Parties to the UNFCCC and the 5th session of the Conference of the Parties serving as the Meeting of the Parties to the Kyoto Protocol took place in Copenhagen and was hosted by the Government of Denmark. 0000017344 00000 n This …, View Details An update summarising the Copenhagen Accord, dated 18 December 2009, and released on 19 December 2009 at the end of the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change (UNFCCC) Conference held in Copenhagen. They also established a process for parties to indicate their support for the Accord. Venezuela declared the agreement a “coup d’etat against the United Nations,” and Sudan likened its effects on poor nations to those of the Holocaust, prompting a round of angry demands that the comment be withdrawn. It took nearly another full day of tense negotiations to arrive at a procedural compromise allowing the leaders’ deal to be formalized over the bitter objections of a few governments. 86 0 obj <> endobj This can be achieved through a rigorous system of measurement, reporting, and verification. 0000012412 00000 n U.S. President Barack Obama reached a climate agreement on Friday with India, South Africa, China and Brazil. 0000001794 00000 n Climate Change Conference in Copenhagen provides for explicit emission pledges by all the major economies – including, for the first time, China and other major developing countries – but charts no clear path toward a treaty with binding commitments. The emission targets of Annex I countries, and their delivery of finance for developing countries, will be MRV’d “in accordance with existing and any further guidelines” from the COP. The information reported will be subject to “international consultation and analysis under clearly defined guidelines that will ensure that national sovereignty is respected.” Developing country actions receiving international support will be subject to international MRV under guidelines adopted by the COP. World leaders struck a new political accord to address climate change at the 2009 U.N. A new political accord struck by world leaders at the U.N. 0000010929 00000 n The chapeau of the Copenhagen Accord lists the following 114 Parties agreeing to the Accord:* The Copenhagen conference culminated two years of intense negotiations launched with the 2007 Bali Action Plan. Much of the focus in Copenhagen will be on the political commitments announced by governments on their domestic climate efforts, and on the decisions and “prompt-start” finance needed to quickly operationalize new support for developing countries. 4 Copenhagen Accord (Dec. 18, 2009), in UNFCCC, Report of the Conference of the Parties on Its Fifteenth Session [hereinafter COP Report and session number], Addendum, at 5, UN Doc. Rather, the decisions by the two bodies only “take note” of the attached accord. Decisions by the COP require a consensus (if any Party present formally objects to a decision, it can block its adoption). Those issues continued to dominate in a bitter closing debate as Venezuela, Sudan, Nicaragua, Bolivia and a few others fought to block the leaders’ agreement because most parties were outside the room when it was negotiated. Ultimately, the COP agreed to “take note” of the Copenhagen Accord. The text of the Copenhagen Accord can be found here. A number of countries including the United States argued for is reinsertion, but were opposed by others including India and Saudi Arabia. 0000033029 00000 n Originally published 5 February 2010. A new political accord struck by world leaders at the U.N. 0000002382 00000 n 0000035844 00000 n Secretary of State Hillary Clinton, who arrived ahead of President Obama, upped the pressure by declaring U.S. support for the goal of $100 billion a year for developing countries, an offer that many African and small-island countries did not want to let slip by. Key elements include: an aspirational goal of limiting global temperature increase to 2 degrees Celsius; a process for countries to enter their specific mitigation pledges by January 31, 2010; broad terms for the reporting and verification of countries’ actions; a commitment by developed countries for $30 billion in 2010-2012 to help developing countries; and a goal for mobilizing $100 billion a year in public and private finance by 2020. For the major developing economies, it means they have made first-ever commitments for greenhouse gas reductions that are subject to "international consultations and analysis." Read the full C2ES summary of the outcome of COP 15 below. Among them are the emissions targets industrialised … The developed country targets and an initial set of developing country actions are to be entered into two appendices by January 31, 2010. The agreement “recogniz[es] the scientific view that the increase in global temperature should be below 2 degrees Celsius.” It also calls for a review of the accord by 2015, including a consideration of strengthening the long-term goal “in relation to temperature rises of 1.5 degrees Celsius.”, Under the accord, Annex I (developed) countries “commit to implement” economy-wide emissions targets for 2020, and non-Annex I (developing) countries “will implement mitigation actions.” (Least developed and small island countries “may undertake actions voluntarily and on the basis of support.”). But it is possible to discuss the Copenhagen Accord frankly while avoiding both the disingenuous […] It is widely expected, although not specified in the accord, that the targets and actions entered will be consistent with those floated by governments in the run-up to Copenhagen. After describing what exactly the Copenhagen Accord does and does not do, this article will lay out some initial impli-cations for international climate law and governance. This article is intended to provide a detailed summary and analysis of the Copenhagen Conference and its fundamental document, the Copenhagen Accord. In separate decisions, parties extended Ad Hoc Working Groups under both the Convention and the Protocol to continue negotiating toward a fuller agreement in late 2010 in Mexico. 0000015955 00000 n In addition, the ADP was mandated to explore actions to close the pre-2020 ambition gap in relation to the 2°C target set out in the 2009 Copenhagen Accord. The two sparred before the press and remained deadlocked behind closed doors until nearly the end. He then announced the tentative agreement to the press and headed home, leaving other leaders to consider the terms, and weary negotiators to devise the final procedural maneuvers. A parallel Ad Hoc Working Group, the AWG-KP, was established under the Kyoto Protocol in 2005 to consider post-2012 emission targets for developed countries that are party to Kyoto. Copenhagen Accord seems to lead us in global climate gover-nance. Although most of the coverage of Copenhagen has focussed on the Accord, the extended mandates of the two Ad-hoc Working Groups (AWGs) are significant. A draft decision circulated at the time President Obama announced the tentative deal described the intended outcome next year as “a legally binding instrument.” However, the phrase did not appear in the text presented at the closing plenary. The UN Conference on Climate Change in Copenhagen presents a critical opportunity to strengthen the international response to global climate change. The Copenhagen Accord is a document which delegates at the 15th session of the Conference of Parties (COP 15) to the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change agreed to take note of at the final plenary on 18 December 2009. This agreement held at Copenhagen Denmark on December 2009. After describing what exactly the Copenhagen Accord does and does not do, this article will lay out some initial impli-cations for international climate law and governance. About 45,000 travelled to the UN climate summit in Copenhagen - the vast majority convinced of the need for a new global agreement on climate change. 0000031681 00000 n Copenhagen Accord seems to lead us in global climate gover-nance. Attempts to break the impasse by referring core issues to smaller groups of countries, rather than continuing to negotiate all issues with all parties, were repeatedly rebuffed by many developing countries, who insisted on full “transparency” and “inclusiveness.”. 7. The COP adopted a decision forwarding the texts and extending the mandate of the AWG-LCA “with a view to presenting the outcome of its work…for adoption” next year at COP 16. T. he road To openhagen. Keywords: Copenhagen Summit, climate change, 2012, Kyoto, Copenhagen Accord, emission cuts. Countries that joined Annex I which are industrialize countries attending this conference such as US, China, India, and Brazil. The basic terms of the Copenhagen Accord were brokered directly by President Obama and a handful of key developing country leaders on the final day of the conference, capping two weeks of harsh rhetoric and pitched procedural battles that made the prospect of any agreement highly uncertain. 0000016322 00000 n Key …, View Details A new draft political agreement finally tabled late in the first week was roundly rejected by developed countries. The so-called Copenhagen accord "recognises" the scientific case for keeping temperature rises to no more than 2C but does not contain commitments to emissions reductions to … In sum, the Copenhagen Accord not only endorses the continutation of the Kyoto Accord but also emphasizes that climate change is one of the greatest challenges of our time, and that we need "strong political will to urgently combat climate change in accordance with the principle of common but differentiated responsibilities and respective capabilitie… Developed countries “shall provide adequate, predictable and sustainable” finance, technology and capacity-building to support the implementation of adaptation actions in developing countries. That level of consensus was not possible in this case, and the COP rules don’t enable voting. The chapeau of the Copenhagen Accord lists the following 114 Parties agreeing to the Accord:* In Copenhagen: A Strong Framework Agreement. By its closing days, the summit had drawn well over 100 heads of state and government. 0000010088 00000 n Climate Change Conference in Copenhagen provides for explicit emission pledges by all the major economies – including, for the first time, China and other major developing countries – but charts no clear path toward a treaty with binding commitments. The Copenhagen Accord is a document which delegates at the 15th session of the Conference of Parties to the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change agreed to "take note of" at the final plenary on 18 December 2009. The Copenhagen Accord is a political (as opposed to legal) agreement of a novel form. South Africa had associated itself with the Copenhagen Accord. 30, 2010) (advance version) [hereinafter Accord]. 86 45 0000011668 00000 n The GCF was established by the 2009 Copenhagen Accord, a sole executive agreement that committed developed countries by 2020 to provide $100 billion per year to … A summary of the key features of the Accord is set out in Annex 1. Both nations managed to preserve their bottom lines at Copenhagen, but subsequent negotiating rounds will feature more power struggles regarding the global governance of climate change. The Copenhagen Conference marked the culmination of a two-year negotiating process to enhance international climate change cooperation under the Bali Roadmap, launched by … Participants approved a Copenhagen accord that sets out emissions-control objectives, sets a target of less than 2 degrees for global warming, and pledges $30 billion in … 0000001640 00000 n The Danish government, which had invested extraordinary effort to ensure Copenhagen’s success, found itself undermined from the start by the “leak” of a draft text opposed by developing countries. For example, the Accord was signed by China, the U.S., Brazil and India, which together account for … By its closing days, the summit had drawn well over 100 heads of state and government. The Paris Agreement set out to improve upon and replace the Kyoto Protocol, an earlier international treaty designed to curb the release of greenhouse gases. Though the accord ultimately won formal recognition despite the lack of full consensus, the episode left many privately questioning the prospects for significant further progress within a fully global, procedurally bound U.N. process. It then took nearly another full day of tense negotiations to arrive at a procedural compromise allowing the leaders’ deal to be formalized over the bitter objections of a few governments. The Copenhagen Accord Environmental Encyclopedia, 2011 Updated: July 28, 2016 From Opposing Viewpoints in Context Near the end of the December 2009 conference on climate change held in Copenhagen, Denmark--a summit attended by more than 100 heads of state- … Executive Summary: The political accord struck by world leaders at the United Nations negotiations in Copenhagen in December 2009 allows participating countries … The COP “took note” of the Copenhagen Accord. As some parties opposed the accord, the decision entering it into the conference’s proceedings is not technically an acceptance of its substantive content by the Conference of the Parties (or by the parallel Meeting of the Parties under Kyoto). The unusual set of outcomes leaves uncertainty, however, about the formal standing of the Copenhagen Accord under the U.N. climate process and about the nature of any future agreement. Countries that joined Annex I which are industrialize countries attending this conference such as US, China, India, and Brazil. 0000012524 00000 n 0000004014 00000 n Decisions by the COP require a consensus (if any Party present formally objects to a decision, it can block its adoption). 7. Although most of the coverage of Copenhagen has focussed on the Accord, the extended mandates of the two Ad-hoc Working Groups (AWGs) are significant. A set of decisions addressing the core elements of the Bali Action Plan, and a core decision tying them together, were not completed. 0000008548 00000 n The accord also calls for the establishment of a Copenhagen Green Climate Fund, a High-Level Panel to examine ways of meeting the 2020 finance goal, a new Technology Mechanism, and a mechanism to channel incentives for reduced deforestation. Download (pdf, 267 KB), Business Environmental Leadership Council, Mayors/Business Alliance for a Sustainable Future, Legal Form of a New Climate Agreement: Avenues and Options, Measurement, Reporting, and Verification in a Post-2012 Climate Agreement, Verifying Mitigation Efforts in a New Climate Agreement. The accord declares itself “operational immediately,” although many of its provisions will require further elaboration (in some cases explicitly, and in other cases presumably, by the UNFCCC Conference of the Parties). 0000015242 00000 n Diplomats in Bali decided to proceed to Copenhagen along two parallel negotiating tracks to determine post-2012 global action on climate change. Available for free downloading from the CEPS website Summary of COP 15 at some point negotiations were conducted at three levels: technical, ministerial, heads of state/government 5 countries decided the outcome on the margins of the UNFCCC process - US, China, India, South Africa, Brazil The Copenhagen Accord as a main COP-15 outcome 5. Objects to a decision, it can block its adoption ) its fundamental document, the Accord... To indicate their support in this case, and the COP require a consensus ( if any Party present objects... 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