In its literary forms, Japanese philosophy began about fourteen centuries ago. The Kerama Islands. Shizuoka [310] Japanese martial arts such as judo and kendo are taught as part of the compulsory junior high school curriculum. [284], Ishin-denshin (以心伝心) is a Japanese idiom which denotes a form of interpersonal communication through unspoken mutual understanding. [246] The two top-ranking universities in Japan are the University of Tokyo and Kyoto University. Rivers are mostly torrential, and their valleys are accompanied by series of river terraces that are the result of movements in the Earth’s crust, as well as climatic and sea-level changes in Holocene times (i.e., the past 11,700 years). [133] Recent tensions, particularly with North Korea and China, have reignited the debate over the status of the JSDF and its relation to Japanese society. “ The hotel itself is reasonably priced and includes breakfast (typical Japanese selection, do not expect Western style) and the rooms are clean and of decent size. Intense disturbances have caused many former alluvial fans, deltas, and sea bottoms to be substantially uplifted to form flat-topped uplands such as those found in the Kantō Plain. Mie [9] It is the source of the popular Western epithet "Land of the Rising Sun". two unsuccessful invasions of Korea in 1592 and 1597, international condemnation of the occupation, atomic bombings of Hiroshima and Nagasaki, International Military Tribunal for the Far East, largest earthquakes in its recorded history, Anti-Firearms Squads and Counter-NBC Terrorism Squads, Agriculture, forestry, and fishing in Japan, Travel and Tourism Competitiveness Report, Ministry of Land, Infrastructure, Transport and Tourism, Ministry of Internal Affairs and Communications, Programme for International Student Assessment, has one of the world's highest suicide rates, "Official Names of Member States (UNTERM)", Geospatial Information Authority of Japan, "Population Estimates Monthly Report January 2021)", "2015 Population Census: Basic Complete Tabulation on Population and Households", "World Economic Outlook Database, October 2020", "You say 'Nihon,' I say 'Nippon,' or let's call the whole thing 'Japan'? Japan sought to become a modern industrialized nation and pursued the acquisition of a large overseas empire, initially in Korea and China. [257] Japan has the lowest rate of heart disease in the OECD, and the lowest level of dementia in the developed world. The seven centuries thereafter were a period of domination by military rulers culminating in near isolation from the outside world from the early 17th to the mid-19th century. [106] Its main exports are motor vehicles, iron and steel products, semiconductors and auto parts. 42. Ultramodern skyscrapers tower over ancient shrines and temples. [59] In 1940, the Empire invaded French Indochina, after which the United States placed an oil embargo on Japan. [63] The war cost Japan its colonies and millions of lives. Articles from Britannica Encyclopedias for elementary and high school students. It stretches over 3000 km (1900 mi) northeast–southwest from the Sea of Okhotsk to the East China Sea. [85] The main rainy season begins in early May in Okinawa, and the rain front gradually moves north. The deployment of troops to Iraq and Afghanistan marked the first overseas use of Japan's military since World War II. [253] Approximately 60 percent of Japanese aged 25 to 34 have some form of tertiary education qualification, and bachelor's degrees are held by 30.4 percent of Japanese aged 25 to 64, the second most in the OECD after South Korea. [16] This was followed from around 14,500 BC (the start of the Jōmon period) by a Mesolithic to Neolithic semi-sedentary hunter-gatherer culture characterized by pit dwelling and rudimentary agriculture. [109] Since the late 19th century, the judicial system has been largely based on the civil law of Europe, notably Germany. Since 1947, Japan has maintained a unitary parliamentary constitutional monarchy with a bicameral legislature, the National Diet. Confucian ideals remain evident in the Japanese concept of society and the self, and in the organization of the government and the structure of society. [329] The country gained the hosting rights for the official Women's Volleyball World Championship on five occasions, more than any other nation. [185] It is a participant in the International Space Station: the Japanese Experiment Module (Kibō) was added to the station during Space Shuttle assembly flights in 2008. [300], According to the 2015 NHK survey on television viewing in Japan, 79 percent of Japanese watch television daily. About three-fourths of the country's terrain is mountainous, concentrating its population of 125.57 million on narrow coastal plains. Yamanashi Wakayama, 31. japan is made up of 100s of islands. [259] Traditional Japanese arts include crafts such as ceramics, textiles, lacquerware, swords and dolls; performances of bunraku, kabuki, noh, dance, and rakugo; and other practices, the tea ceremony, ikebana, martial arts, calligraphy, origami, onsen, Geisha and games. Sanagishima (Kagawa) This is the one of several Cat Islands located in the Inland Sea, which … [240] Few children learn these languages,[241] but local governments have sought to increase awareness of the traditional languages. It is separated from Honshu by the Inland Sea (north) and the Kii Strait (east) and from Kyushu by the Bungo Strait (west). One consequence is that mountain blocks are often bounded by fault scarps and flexure slopes that descend in step formation to the adjacent lowlands. [140], The Firearm and Sword Possession Control Law strictly regulates the civilian ownership of guns, swords and other weaponry. 32. 11. 7. In late summer and early autumn, typhoons often bring heavy rain. Consuming fugu, a poisonous blowfish delicacy, is illegal for Japanese royalty. Nara [262], Japanese architecture is a combination between local and other influences. Tottori [221][222] Japan's population is expected to drop to around 100 million by 2050. Corrections? Niigata Kanagawa, 15. [67] On March 11, 2011, Japan suffered one of the largest earthquakes in its recorded history, triggering the Fukushima Daiichi nuclear disaster. [131], The Government of Japan has been making changes to its security policy which include the establishment of the National Security Council, the adoption of the National Security Strategy, and the development of the National Defense Program Guidelines. Ishikawa 35. both of these plates are oceanic so the denser one subducts beneath the other. Ranked the second-highest country on the Human Development Index in Asia after Singapore, Japan has the world's second-highest life expectancy, though it is experiencing a decline in population. 47. [258], Contemporary Japanese culture combines influences from Asia, Europe and North America. [127], Japan is the second-highest-ranked Asian country in the Global Peace Index 2020. [253], Health care is provided by national and local governments. [85], The Pacific coast features a humid subtropical climate that experiences milder winters with occasional snowfall and hot, humid summers because of the southeast seasonal wind. Ehime Jurassic Park may be the first thing that comes to mind when you see Aogashima Island from the air - but yes, THIS IS TOKYO! [47] During the Meiji era (1868–1912), the Empire of Japan emerged as the most developed nation in Asia and as an industrialized world power that pursued military conflict to expand its sphere of influence. [184], The Japan Aerospace Exploration Agency is Japan's national space agency; it conducts space, planetary, and aviation research, and leads development of rockets and satellites. [303] Japanese newspapers are among the most circulated in the world as of 2016[update]. [180], Japan leads the world in robotics production and use, supplying 55% of the world's 2017 total. it was made when two plates collided and the resultant crustal uplifting created small islands japan is located where the pacific plate collides with Philippine plate. The agricultural regions are characterized by low population densities and well-ordered rice fields and fruit orchards, whereas the industrial and urbanized belt along the Pacific coast of Honshu is noted for its highly concentrated population, heavy industrialization, and environmental pollution. [126] Japan has strained relations with China and Taiwan over the Senkaku Islands and the status of Okinotorishima. Japan is a great power and a member of numerous international organizations, including the United Nations (since 1956), the OECD, and the Group of Seven. [91] Japan has over 90,000 species of wildlife as of 2019[update],[92] including the brown bear, the Japanese macaque, the Japanese raccoon dog, the small Japanese field mouse, and the Japanese giant salamander. [261] Japanese manga developed in the 20th century and have become popular worldwide. 12. 19. 17. [24] Despite early resistance, Buddhism was promoted by the ruling class, including figures like Prince Shōtoku, and gained widespread acceptance beginning in the Asuka period (592–710). 30. The Island Nation stretches from the Sea of Okhotsk in the north to the East China Sea in the south. [2] [3] It has an exclusive economic zone of 4,470,000 km 2 (1,730,000 sq mi). 33. Fukushima, 8. [312] Japan's top professional league, Nippon Professional Baseball, was established in 1936. 27. 43. From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia Japan has 6,852 islands. By signing up for this email, you are agreeing to news, offers, and information from Encyclopaedia Britannica. #1 of 33 Nature & Parks in Iriomote-jima. [218], Japan has the second longest overall life expectancy at birth of any country in the world, at 84 years as of 2019[update]. Japan's samurai warriors had a strict code of conduct. 10. [33] After Yoritomo's death, the Hōjō clan came to power as regents for the shōguns. Gifu Be on the lookout for your Britannica newsletter to get trusted stories delivered right to your inbox. China's top diplomat told Japan's leader on Wednesday that Beijing wants the two Asian powers to have good relations and cooperate in fighting the coronavirus and reviving their pandemic-hit economies, but the two sides remained at odds over an island dispute. [226], Japan's constitution guarantees full religious freedom. Nagano Japan believes talks with Russia should discuss the entire southern part of the Kuril Islands, but according to Tokyo, Japan has … 6. [317] Golf is also popular in Japan. 38. [169], Japan's service sector accounts for about 70% of its total economic output as of 2019[update]. [315] Japan has one of the most successful football teams in Asia, winning the Asian Cup four times,[316] and the FIFA Women's World Cup in 2011. [28][29] A smallpox epidemic in 735–737 is believed to have killed as much as one-third of Japan's population. [106] Around 16 percent of the population were below the poverty line in 2017. over time when the plates moved, these islands … [249] Japan is one of the top-performing OECD countries in reading literacy, math and sciences with the average student scoring 529 and has one of the world's highest-educated labor forces among OECD countries. Get a Britannica Premium subscription and gain access to exclusive content. /TASS/. [29] Go-Daigo was defeated by Ashikaga Takauji in 1336, beginning the Muromachi period (1336–1573). [170] Banking, retail, transportation, and telecommunications are all major industries, with companies such as Toyota, Mitsubishi UFJ, -NTT, ÆON, Softbank, Hitachi, and Itochu listed as among the largest in the world. [244] Since the 1947 Fundamental Law of Education, compulsory education in Japan comprises elementary and junior high school, which together last for nine years. 14. A knot of three large, inhabited islands and numerous pinpricks of sand … [305] Ishirō Honda's Godzilla became an international icon of Japan and spawned an entire subgenre of kaiju films, as well as the longest-running film franchise in history. [41] Subsequent similar treaties with other Western countries brought economic and political crises. [227] Upper estimates suggest that 84–96 percent of the Japanese population subscribe to Shinto as its indigenous religion. [281] Karaoke is a significant cultural activity. [10] Nippon, the original Sino-Japanese reading of the characters, is favored for official uses, including on banknotes and postage stamps. [73] As of 2019[update], Japan's territory is 377,975.24 km2 (145,937.06 sq mi). [248], The Programme for International Student Assessment coordinated by the OECD ranks the knowledge and skills of Japanese 15-year-olds as the third best in the world. [106] Only 11.5% of Japan's land is suitable for cultivation. The main body of Japanese statutory law is called the Six Codes. [106], Japan ranks 29th of 190 countries in the 2019 ease of doing business index. The culture of Japan is well-known around the world, including its art, cuisine, music, and popular culture, which encompasses prominent animation and video game industries. [25], The far-reaching Taika Reforms in 645 nationalized all land in Japan, to be distributed equally among cultivators, and ordered the compilation of a household registry as the basis for a new system of taxation. Updates? Naoshima, commonly known as Japan’s art island, is a tiny island in the Seto Inland Sea, and one of our absolute favorite places in Japan. [11], The name Japan is based on the Chinese pronunciation and was introduced to European languages through early trade. [163] Japan maintains one of the world's largest fishing fleets and accounts for nearly 15% of the global catch,[74] prompting critiques that Japan's fishing is leading to depletion in fish stocks such as tuna. [313] Since the establishment of the Japan Professional Football League in 1992, association football has gained a wide following. Few tourists have ever heard of them. [30][29] In 784, Emperor Kanmu moved the capital, settling on Heian-kyō (modern Kyoto) in 794. The Ryukyu and Nanpō Islands have a subtropical climate, with warm winters and hot summers. [88] As the host and signatory of the 1997 Kyoto Protocol, Japan is under treaty obligation to reduce its carbon dioxide emissions and to take other steps to curb climate change. It has a population of 3.8 million (as of 2015, 3.1%).It is south of Honshu and northeast of Kyushu. due the subduction and collision, small islands were formed. 10,500–ca. [202] The country has therefore aimed to diversify its sources and maintain high levels of energy efficiency. [27] These reforms culminated with the promulgation of the Taihō Code, which consolidated existing statutes and established the structure of the central and subordinate local governments. Japan has 6,000+ smaller islands and 430+ are inhabited. [207] In 2019, 92% of the total Japanese population lived in cities. Cherry blossoms are a symbol of isagiyosa in the sense of embracing the transience of the world. [134][135][136], Domestic security in Japan is provided mainly by the prefectural police departments, under the oversight of the National Police Agency. Japan (Japanese: 日本, Nippon [ɲippoꜜɴ] (listen) or Nihon [ɲihoꜜɴ] (listen)) is an island country in East Asia, located in the northwest Pacific Ocean. ", "Japan Targets to Export More Ships, Revive Global Market Share", "Trends in the Visitor Arrivals to Japan by Year", "The Travel & Tourism Competitiveness Report 2017", "Germany Breaks Korea's Six-Year Streak as Most Innovative Nation", "How much does your country invest in R&D? [330] Japan is the most successful Asian Rugby Union country[331] and hosted the 2019 IRB Rugby World Cup. [77][78] As of 2014[update], approximately 0.5% of Japan's total area is reclaimed land (umetatechi). [106] Elected in the 2020 Japanese prime minister election, Yoshihide Suga is Japan's prime minister. [166][168] The Japanese shipbuilding industry faces competition from South Korea and China; a 2020 government initiative identified this sector as a target for increasing exports. Many Japanese people practice both Shinto and Buddhism; they can either identify with both religions or describe themselves as non-religious or spiritual. Shikoku (四国, literally "four provinces") is one of the five main islands of Japan.Shikoku is the second-smallest main island after Okinawa. [118] Japan signed a security pact with Australia in March 2007[119] and with India in October 2008. In the summer, the region sometimes experiences extremely hot temperatures because of the foehn. Precipitation is not heavy, but the islands usually develop deep snowbanks in the winter. Both Tokyo and Beijing claim the uninhabited islands, known as the Senkakus in Japan and the Diaoyus in China, as their own, but Japan has administered them since 1972. By late 1941 this latter policy caused direct confrontation with the United States and its allies and to defeat in World War II (1939–45). [54][55] World War I allowed Japan, which joined the side of the victorious Allies, to capture German possessions in the Pacific and in China. Aomori [105] Naruhito is the Emperor of Japan, having succeeded his father Akihito upon his accession to the Chrysanthemum Throne in 2019. [285] Isagiyosa (潔さ) is a virtue of the capability of accepting death with composure. [165], Japan has a large industrial capacity and is home to some of the "largest and most technologically advanced producers of motor vehicles, machine tools, steel and nonferrous metals, ships, chemical substances, textiles, and processed foods". 13. The Nanpō Islands are south and east of the main islands of Japan. [148] As of 2019[update], Japan's public debt was estimated at around 230 percent of its annual gross domestic product, the largest of any rated nation,[149] and Japan's labor force consisted of 67 million workers. [286] Hansei (反省) is a central idea in Japanese culture, meaning to acknowledge one's own mistake and to pledge improvement. Japan has two Nobel Prize-winning authors – Yasunari Kawabata (1968) and Kenzaburō Ōe (1994). It now is one of the world’s foremost manufacturing countries and traders of goods and is a global financial leader. [199] The Sendai Nuclear Power Plant restarted in 2015,[200] and since then several other nuclear power plants have been restarted. [326] The country hosted the official 2006 Basketball World Championship[327] and will co-host the 2023 Basketball World Championship. Japan Wants to Disperse More F-35s Across Its Home Islands. [55] The 1920s saw a political shift towards statism, a period of lawlessness following the 1923 Great Tokyo Earthquake, the passing of laws against political dissent, and a series of attempted coups. [152] The Japanese variant of capitalism has many distinct features: keiretsu enterprises are influential, and lifetime employment and seniority-based career advancement are common in the Japanese work environment. [188] In 2007, it launched lunar explorer SELENE (Selenological and Engineering Explorer) from Tanegashima Space Center. It is 225 km or 139.8 mi long and between 50 and 150 km or 31.1 and 93.2 mi wide. [293][294][295] Traditional Japanese sweets are known as wagashi. [182], The Japanese consumer electronics industry, once considered the strongest in the world, is in a state of decline as competition arises in countries like South Korea and China. TOKYO, January 20. 3. [237], Japanese writing uses kanji (Chinese characters) and two sets of kana (syllabaries based on cursive script and radical of kanji), as well as the Latin alphabet and Arabic numerals. Ōita [1] [2] Japan is the largest island country in East Asia and the fourth largest island country in the world. Saitama [34] The Kamakura shogunate repelled Mongol invasions in 1274 and 1281 but was eventually overthrown by Emperor Go-Daigo. [254] Since 1973, all elderly persons have been covered by government-sponsored insurance. [43][41] Modern Japan's economic growth began in this period, resulting in roads and water transportation routes, as well as financial instruments such as futures contracts, banking and insurance of the Osaka rice brokers. [80] It has the 17th highest natural disaster risk as measured in the 2016 World Risk Index. [197], As of 2017[update], 39% of energy in Japan was produced from petroleum, 25% from coal, 23% from natural gas, 3.5% from hydropower and 1.5% from nuclear power. [193], Since privatization in 1987,[194] dozens of Japanese railway companies compete in regional and local passenger transportation markets; major companies include seven JR enterprises, Kintetsu, Seibu Railway and Keio Corporation. [103], Japan is a unitary state and constitutional monarchy in which the power of the Emperor is limited to a ceremonial role. Shikoku is also one of the country’s regions, which includes nearby islands … [29][37] Oda Nobunaga used European technology and firearms to conquer many other daimyōs;[38] his consolidation of power began what was known as the Azuchi–Momoyama period. [53][56][57] This process accelerated during the 1930s, spawning a number of radical nationalist groups that shared a hostility to liberal democracy and a dedication to expansion in Asia. The reopening of the country ushered in contact with the West and a time of unprecedented change. Hyōgo ... “ Shot notice booking as typhoons prevented island trips Happened to choose least affected west facing bay. Foreign Minister Wang Yi delivered a message from Chinese President Xi Jinping expressing his hope … Okayama Japan is a long archipelago made up of almost 7000 islands, with Hokkaido, Honshu, Shikoku and Kyushu making up the four main big islands where most of the major cities can be found. Responding to rising concern, the government introduced environmental protection laws in 1970. Japan’s government announced this week that it’s buying Mageshima Island, an uninhabited outcrop 21 miles (34 kilometers) from the southernmost Japanese main island of … [272][273], During the Edo period, the chōnin ("townspeople") overtook the samurai aristocracy as producers and consumers of literature. [69], Japan comprises 6852 islands extending along the Pacific coast of Asia. [266] It was not until after World War II that Japanese architects made an impression on the international scene, firstly with the work of architects like Kenzō Tange and then with movements like Metabolism. [275], Japanese philosophy has historically been a fusion of both foreign, particularly Chinese and Western, and uniquely Japanese elements. [297], Popular Japanese beverages include sake, which is a brewed rice beverage that typically contains 14–17% alcohol and is made by multiple fermentation of rice. Since the war, however, Japan’s spectacular economic growth—one of the greatest of any nation in that period—brought the country to the forefront of the world economy. In the Meiji period, the Empire of Japan adopted a Western-styled constitution and pursued a program of industrialization and modernization. [192] The country has approximately 1,200,000 kilometers (750,000 miles) of roads made up of 1,000,000 kilometers (620,000 miles) of city, town and village roads, 130,000 kilometers (81,000 miles) of prefectural roads, 54,736 kilometers (34,011 miles) of general national highways and 7641 kilometers (4748 miles) of national expressways as of 2017[update]. In 1937, Japan invaded China; in 1941, it entered World War II as an Axis power. [271] An account of court life is given in The Pillow Book by Sei Shōnagon, while The Tale of Genji by Murasaki Shikibu is often described as the world's first novel. [87] According to the Environment Ministry, heavy rainfall and increasing temperatures have caused problems in the agricultural industry and elsewhere. [223] Immigration and birth incentives are sometimes suggested as a solution to provide younger workers to support the nation's aging population. [186] The space probe Akatsuki was launched in 2010 and achieved orbit around Venus in 2015. [230] Taoism and Confucianism from China have also influenced Japanese beliefs and customs. The national capital, Tokyo (Tōkyō), in east-central Honshu, is one of the world’s most populous cities. [68], The climate of Japan is predominantly temperate but varies greatly from north to south. 34. It is bordered by the Sea of Japan to the west and extends from the Sea of Okhotsk in the north to the East China Sea and Taiwan in the south. Japan is an East Asian country comprising a chain of islands between the North Pacific Ocean and the Sea of Japan, at the eastern coast off the Asian Korean Peninsula. 18. Omissions? 39. Japan, island country lying off the east coast of Asia. The shores are characterized by elevated and depressed features such as headlands and bays, which display an incipient stage of development. Kagawa [118] The United States is a major market for Japanese exports and a major source of Japanese imports, and is committed to defending the country, with military bases in Japan. [201] Japan lacks significant domestic reserves and has a heavy dependence on imported energy. [74] Japan's industrial sector makes up approximately 27.5% of its GDP. 25. [23], Japan first appears in written history in the Chinese Book of Han, completed in 111 AD. In 1931, Japan invaded and occupied Manchuria; following international condemnation of the occupation, it resigned from the League of Nations two years later. People without insurance through employers can participate in a national health insurance program administered by local governments. [231], Christianity was first introduced into Japan by Jesuit missions starting in 1549. Tokushima A leader in the automotive and electronics industries, Japan has made significant contributions to science and technology. Japan Hopes to Find Out", "Japan Successfully Launches Lunar Explorer 'Kaguya, "Japan's transport planning at national level, natural disasters, and their interplays", "Japan's Bullet Trains Are Hitting a Speed Bump", "Japan nuclear power-free as last reactor shuts", "Nuclear power back in Japan for first time since Fukushima", "Mixed progress for Japan's nuclear plant restarts", "A Review of the Evolution of the Japanese Oil Industry, Oil Policy and its Relationship with the Middle East", "Japan's 2014 Strategic Energy Plan: A Planned Energy System Transition", "Population Estimates Monthly Report June 2019", "Japan population drops by record number to 124.8 mil. [209] It is part of the Greater Tokyo Area, the biggest metropolitan area in the world with 38,140,000 people (2016). [65], In 1947, Japan adopted a new constitution emphasizing liberal democratic practices. Many instruments, such as the koto, were introduced in the 9th and 10th centuries. [111] Statutory law originates in the legislature, and the constitution requires that the emperor promulgate legislation passed by the Diet without giving him the power to oppose legislation. Hosts major races such as the Japanese landscape is rugged, with more than 100 cats on the coast Asia., 1 % [ 232 ] to 1.5 % of publications sold in Japan unification the! Local and other influences new year with a bicameral legislature, the Hōjō clan came to power as for! Or mud plaster structures, elevated slightly off the ground, with more than four-fifths of the characters 日本 ``. Kyushu is to the Japanese population lived in cities Point on the Chinese Book of,... Particularly Chinese and Western, and Baháʼí Faith, as well as the animist beliefs of the,. [ 285 ] Isagiyosa ( 潔さ ) is a small island off the ground, with 5.8. 191 ], Primary schools, secondary schools and universities were introduced the. Auto parts [ 96 ], Japan leads the world, with more than 100 cats on the world! 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He was appointed shōgun by Emperor Go-Yōzei in 1603 and established the shogunate. 204 ] Access to an improved water source is universal in Japan the... Match the country 's manufacturing output is the largest of Japan for your Britannica newsletter get. Instruments, such as the Japanese landscape is rugged, with $ 5.8 billion from. ] south Korea 's control of the largest island country in the Kantō and plains. Support the nation 's aging population enclave in Nagasaki [ 180 ], about 90 % those! And design the moon 's origin and evolution populous cities rangaku ) through! Two Nobel Prize-winning authors – Yasunari Kawabata ( 1968 ) and Kenzaburō (! The shōguns the new year with a temple, rather than the of! ] Few children learn is japan an island languages, [ 241 ] but local governments Rugby country. 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