Located in present-day South Carolina north of Spartanburg. Early in the battle, many British officers were killed in the open fields by Col. Daniel Morgan's sharpshooters, who were concealed in the thick woods. The North Carolina city of Morganton is also named after Morgan, as well as the Kentucky city of Morganfield (originally Morgan's Field) which was founded in 1811 on land which was part of a Revolutionary War land grant to Daniel Morgan. His gruff manner and social skills were considered inadequate for a general officer and he was bypassed for promotion to brigadier general.. The Americans inflicted heavy read more, General George Washingtons army crossed the icy Delaware on Christmas Day 1776 and, over the course of the next 10 days, won two crucial battles of the American Revolution. The Leaders. The tactic resulted in a double envelopment. And I,m willing to bet Morgan never heard of Cannae. b. imperiled "use strict";(function(){var insertion=document.getElementById("citation-access-date");var date=new Date().toLocaleDateString(undefined,{month:"long",day:"numeric",year:"numeric"});insertion.parentElement.replaceChild(document.createTextNode(date),insertion)})(); FACT CHECK: We strive for accuracy and fairness. - Bon Steubn The Burwell-Morgan Mill is open as a museum and is one of the oldest, most original operational grist mills in the country. On September 19, 1777, Burgoynes and Gates armies met at Freemans Farm, some 10 miles south of Saratoga. His strategy proved perfect against the confident, impulsive Tarleton. With the beginning of the American Revolution, Morgan assumed command of a rifle company and soon saw action outside of Boston and during the invasion of Canada. While it succeeded in preventing Burgoyne's plan of severing the American colonies into two, more importantly, it demonstrated to foreign powers that the United States had a legitimate chance to defeat the British. Morgan was the fifth of seven children of James Morgan (17021782) and Eleanor Lloyd (17061748). Too many famous MorgansI wuz thinkinit was gonna be about Justin Morgan who developed the Morgan horseBut hey, glad to read about this one too! But the entire British force, concealed in a wood, sprang upon them. [5] He then met Abigail Curry; they married and had two daughters, Nancy and Betsy. Having irritated a British lieutenant, Morgan was made irate when the officer struck him with the flat of his sword. Cowpens was just three months after the Over the Mountain frontiersmen defeated Loyalist militias under Patrick Ferguson at Kings Mountain. Daniel Morgan Parkinson, militia officer, official and entrepreneur of frontier Wisconsin, was the son of Morgan's sister Mary, and was named after his famous uncle. Rick Schwertfeger man the southern bastion of Frontier Partisans in Austin, Texas. The Congress awarded him a gold medal in 1790 to commemorate his victory at Cowpens. Burgoyne launched a second, unsuccessful attack on the Americans at Bemis Heights on October 7. What is Morgan's Strategy to defeat Burgoyne? He was ordered to raise and command a new infantry regiment, the 11th Virginia Regiment of the Continental Line. After rejoining Washington, Morgan found that he had been promoted to colonel in recognition of his actions at Quebec. He also displayed the unruly backcountry behaviors of the time: a fiery temper, fighting, drinking, gambling, womanizing. Morgans fighting in the North is outside the focus of this article. Sign up for our quarterly email series highlighting the environmental benefits of battlefield preservation. Taking part in the engagement at Freeman's Farm, Morgan's men joined with Major Henry Dearborn's light infantry. The Majority of our funds go directly to Preservation and Education. Born in New Jersey to a Welsh family, Morgan settled in Winchester, Virginia. Who does Washington recruit to change the tide of the war? Send Students on School Field Trips to Battlefields Your Gift Tripled! List two advantages that Morgan's men have: A. Morgan talked with militia who had fought Tarleton. The large-scale strategy to divide the Northern states from southern states had failed due to a lack of merger of Howe and Burgoyne's armies to destroy the American forces under General Gates. Daniel Morgan (July 6, 1736July 6, 1802) rose from humble beginnings to become one of the Continental Army's finest tacticians and leaders. News Corp is a global, diversified media and information services company focused on creating and distributing authoritative and engaging content and other products and services. Morgan's company was one of them. Is it just me or do people mistake charm and sophistication for actual ability a lot. In the spring of 1777, Major General John Burgoyne proposed a plan for defeating the Americans. Crossing into Pennsylvania, Morgan initially worked around Carlisle before moving down the Great Wagon Road to Charles Town, Virginia. Despite the proliferation of dysentery among his men, Continental General Horatio Gates chose to engage British General Charles Cornwalliss force on the morning read more, When British General Lord Charles Cornwallis and his army surrendered toGeneralGeorge Washingtons American force and its French allies at the Battle of Yorktown on October 19, 1781, it was more than just military win. He retired from Congress in 1799 and died in 1802. In less than an hour, Tarleton's 1,076 men suffered 110 killed and 830 captured; 200 British prisoners of war were wounded. Daniel Morgan is believed to have been born in the village of Hunterdon County, New Jersey[2] in Lebanon Township. After Gates' disaster at the Battle of Camden, Morgan thrust all other considerations aside, and went to join the Southern command at Hillsborough, North Carolina. Morgan actually never saw the land, but his daughter's cousin-in-law,[32] Presley O'Bannon, the "Hero of Derna" in the Barbary War, acquired the land, drew up a plan for the town and donated the land for the streets and public square. The event was pictured by a staged photo that appeared in Life magazine.[33]. Washington wrote the following letter to Morgan on August 16, 1777: "Sir: After you receive this, you will march, as soon as possible, with the corps under your command, to Peekskill, taking with you all the baggage belonging to it. The damp and chill of the campaign had aggravated his sciatica to the point that he was in constant pain; on February 10, he returned to his Virginia farm. And even the elite 71st Highlanders were surrounded and surrendered. On September 19, at Freeman's Farm, they ran into the advance of General Simon Fraser's wing of Burgoyne's force. Cross out the incorrect pronoun, and write the correct word above it. Gates' army numbered 8,500 strong. [26], In 1794, he was briefly recalled to national service to help suppress the Whiskey Rebellion, and the same year, he was promoted to major general. Specifically, his orders were to "to give protection to that part of the country, spirit up the people, to annoy the enemy in that quarter." He has appeared on The History Channel as a featured expert. Gates' conspiracy fell apart when Daniel Morgan proved that the true hero of Saratoga was Benedict Arnold. Other Redcoats swarmed the contractor, taking him prisoner. After eluding Tarleton for three weeks, Morgan turned to confront him on January 17, 1781. American forces under General Daniel Morgan decisively beat the British at the Battle of Cowpens in South Carolina. For the rest of the afternoon, American fire held the British in check, but repeated American charges were repelled by British bayonets. The American Battlefield Trust is a 501(c)(3) non-profit organization. Retrieved from https://www.thoughtco.com/brigadier-general-daniel-morgan-2360604. Morgan met his new Department Commander, Nathanael Greene, on December 3, 1780, at Charlotte, North Carolina. In 1777, British strategy called for a three-pronged attack on New York, with three separate armies converging near Albany. Nearing Hanging Rock, he was struck in the neck during a Native American ambush; the bullet knocked out several teeth before exiting his left cheek. Their ability to cut up any patrols sent in their direction convinced the British that retreat was not possible. Artist David Wright captured the classic American Rifleman. After Boston, Daniel Morgan transitioned from frontier militia leader, untrained in military strategy and tactics, to Continental Army officer. Gates had a leading role in the plot, but the leader of the movement was Brig. ThoughtCo, Jul. It is located in Morgan Square and remains in place today. What is Gen. Washington's greatest challenge as a leader? Morgan's Riflemen or Morgan's Rifles, previously Morgan's Sharpshooters, and the one named Provisional Rifle Corps, were an elite light infantry unit commanded by General Daniel Morgan in the American Revolutionary War, which served a vital role executing his tasks because it was equipped with what was then the cutting-edge rifle instead of muskets, allowing for a Rifleman to have an effective . Two years later, Morgan joined a colonial ranger unit that was attached to the British. On September 19, at Freeman's Farm, they ran into the advance of General Simon Fraser's wing of Burgoyne's force. Although the light infantry broke, General Fraser was trying to rally them, encouraging his men to hold their positions when Benedict Arnold arrived. September 19. British General Carleton consequently was able to lead hundreds of the Quebec militia in the encirclement of the second attack. Deploying his forces in a pasture area known as the Cowpens, Morgan formed his men in three lines. Maria and Sean thought the computer was just what *they *needed to make *their *business work, average kid, joins the army when he is 15, guards New York, Give three facts about the British Ship of the Line. Morgan reluctantly ordered Fraser shot by a sniper, and Timothy Murphy obliged him. Promoted to Colonel for his leadership at Quebec, he reformed Morgans Riflemen, was involved in numerous engagements, and played a key role in defeating the British under General John Burgoyne at Saratoga the most significant Patriot victory in the northern theater of the War. Britains Lord Charles Cornwallis was forced to surrender his entire army, effectively marking the end of the Revolutionary War (though fighting did not officially end until 1783). How do Washingtons soldiers leave Valley Forge? 8. Understanding the limited resolve of the militia, he requested they fire two volleys before withdrawing to the left and reforming to the rear. Arnold argued that American troops must meet the column of British troops heading toward them. Historians have never reached a consensus on the use of a standard name for this epic journey, "Who Will Get the General's Body? The preceding is the second in a series of posts on the Southern Backcountry Frontier Partisans who helped win the American Revolution. Another company was raised from Shepherdstown by his rival, Hugh Stephenson. Daniel Morgan was a frontiersman with a mean streak. Gates' supporters were tired of Washington's battles ending in defeat. 2023 A&E Television Networks, LLC. [21][22], Cornwallis had lost not only Tarleton's legion but also his light infantry, losses that limited his speed of reaction for the rest of the campaign. On the American side, Gates had received even more reinforcements, and rebel soldiers now outnumbered the Redcoats by two to one. [5] This caused great outrage within and without the British army; amongst others, Washington disapproved of this way of war, and when gunpowder began to run out he forbade Morgan to fight in such a manner. The relationship between the two men became more awkward when Gates became president of the Board of War in November 1777, effectively making him Washingtons boss. Burgoyne's next offensive resulted in the Battle of Bemis Heights on Oct. 7. How many Patriot POWs are imprisoned in Prison Ship in New York harbor? Tarleton's legion was supplemented with the light infantry from several regiments of regulars. Meanwhile, Howes British forces diverged from the original plan, moving south to confront American forces in Pennsylvania. At last, on October 13, 1780, Morgan received his promotion to brigadier general. Write the word from the list provided that would be more suitable in each case. Morgan later served as a rifleman in the provincial forces assigned to protect the western settlements from French-backed Indian raids. He and Peggy eventually left the United States to reside in London. In the Battle of Trenton (December 26), Washington defeated a formidable garrison of Hessian mercenaries read more, The Battle of Guilford Courthouse in North Carolina, on March 15, 1781, proved pivotal to the American victory in the American Revolutionary War (1775-83). [6], Morgan recruited 96 men[5][6][7] in 10 days[6] and assembled them at Winchester on July 14. Over the next several months, his command conducted scouting missions, skirmishing occasionally with the British. When he rejoined Washington early in 1777, Morgan was surprised to learn he had been promoted to colonel for his bravery at Quebec. [29] Confederate General John Hunt Morgan claimed to be one of his descendants.[30][31]. Serving under General "Light-Horse Harry" Lee, Morgan led one wing of the militia army into Western Pennsylvania. With Burgoyne's surrender of his entire army to Gates, the Americans scored a . The name Benedict Arnold is synonymous with traitor, but before his betrayal of the patriots, he was an accomplished officeralthough not always a happy one. Though not visible at that moment, the road to Yorktown almost was clear. Describe the British strategy employed by Gen. Burgoyne to the end the Revolution. Carleton was also able to move his cannons and men to the first barricade, behind Morgan's force. [5], In June that year, the Continental Congress authorized an invasion of Canada. Give three facts about Daniel Morgan. Eleven days later, he was finally promoted to brigadier general. Arnold spotted him and called to Morgan: "That man on the grey horse is a host unto himself and must be disposed of direct the attention of some of the sharpshooters amongst your riflemen to him!" What is Gen. Washington's greatest challenge as a leader? He was not involved in the Battle of Monmouth but actively pursued the withdrawing British forces and captured many prisoners and supplies. [7] Morgan was chosen by a unanimous vote by the Committee of Frederick County to form one of these companies and become its commander. The Redcoats saw that retreat and rushed after them, not realizing that it was a controlled retreat. (read parenthesis in answer) The victory at the Battle of Saratoga convinced the French to join the Americans In the Lower Town, Arnold sustained a wound to his leg, leading Morgan to take command of their column. When this strategy became apparent, the British General Cornwallis sent Colonel Banastre Tarleton's British Legion to track him down. As a result, he was passed over for promotion to brigadier general and leadership of the new formation went to Brigadier General Anthony Wayne. In response, Morgan knocked the lieutenant out with one punch. General Fraser's advancing force was met with rifle-fire and after the smoke cleared each officer to lie dead in the first exchange. The Patriots attacked in two pincers, commanded by Montgomery and Arnold. Pushing forward, the Americans advanced through the Lower Town and paused to await Montgomery's arrival. What Gen. Washingtons greatest challenge as a leader? (How are they different from when they first got there?). General Horatio Gates and his American soldiers had built formidable defenses on Bemis Heights, just south of Saratoga overlooking the Hudson. - Bon Steubn - train the soldiers to fight close war A statue of Morgan is on the west face of the Saratoga Monument in Schuylerville NY.[37]. In the fall of 1777, British troops commanded by General John Burgoyne were advancing south from Canada towards New York along the water route of Lake Champlain, Lake George and the Hudson River. : Two Southern Towns Battle Over Grave of Daniel Morgan, Herow of Cowpens. General Nathanael Green replaced Gates on December 3. American victory. Arriving on August 30, he began taking part in operations againstMajor General John Burgoyne's army, which was advancing south fromFort Ticonderoga. That beguiler! Daniel Morgan, (born 1736, Hunterdon county, New Jersey [U.S.]died July 6, 1802, Winchester, Virginia, U.S.), general in the American Revolution (1775-83) who won an important victory against the British at the Battle of Cowpens (January 17, 1781). c. scoffed He is prominently depicted in the painting of the Surrender of General Burgoyne at Saratoga by John Trumbull.[18]. He had 14,000 men and no houses. This decisive victory by the Americans was a turning point of the Revolutionary War. It was his goal to have the first two lines slow the British before withdrawing and forcing Tarleton's weakened men to attack uphill against the Continentals. 2. There the skirmishers filled in spots vacated by killed or wounded. The accounts I read said that Morgan asked the skirmish line to give him two shots before retreating to the line of militia. ThoughtCo. After Saratoga, Morgan's unit rejoined Washington's main army, near Philadelphia. He died at his daughter's home in Winchester on July 6, 1802. Donations to the Trust are tax deductible to the full extent allowable under the law. 10. It was a complete American victory, produced by Morgans tactical masterpiece.. After the war, he attempted to run for Congress in 1794. [5] His company of marksmen was nicknamed "Morgan's Riflemen". American Revolution: Brigadier General Daniel Morgan. Morgan returned to the army after the Battle of Camden, and led the Continental Army to victory in the Battle of Cowpens. After their argument at Saratoga, Gates did not give Arnold the proper credit for his actions in the battle in his report to Congress. Impressed by the Patriots resistance to Britain, France signs a formal Treaty of Alliance with the Americans and the balance of the war tips in their favor. [24][25] He turned his attention to investing in land rather than clearing it, and eventually built an estate of more than 250,000 acres (1,000km2). Washington agreed to dispatch three companies from his forces at Boston, provided they agreed. From the Journal of the American Revolution: After learning of Gates' defeat at the Battle of Camden in August, 1780, Morgan decided to return to the field and began riding south. Burgoyne retired to his starting positions, but about 500 men poorer for the effort. What gamble does Washington take to save his men from small pox? Again working with Dearborn, Morgan helped to defeat this attack and then led his men forward in a counterattack that saw American forces capture two key redoubts near the British camp. Believing that New England was the seat of the rebellion, he proposed cutting the region off from the other colonies by moving down the Hudson River corridor while a second force, led by . He was recalled to duty in 1794 to help suppress the Whiskey Rebellion, and commanded a portion of the army that remained in Western Pennsylvania after the rebellion. Gen. Thomas Conway. They rallied behind Gates, who was believed to be the hero of the battle of Saratoga. Morgan was buried in Winchester, Virginia. One of the most respected battlefield tacticians of the American Revolutionary War of 17751783, he later commanded troops during the suppression of the Whiskey Rebellion of 17911794. A number of statues have been erected in his honor, and in 2013 his Winchester, Virginia, home was made a designated historic place. Did you know? By August, Burgoyne had captured Fort Ticonderoga, defeated fleeing American troops at Hubbardton (Vermont), and occupied Fort Edward, on the edge of the Hudson River. Routing the enemy, Morgan won perhaps the Continental Army's most decisive tactical victory of the war. - Attack using speed, stealthy, suprise What was Washington's greatest Challenge as leader? [5] In a little more than two years, he saved enough to buy his own team. October 7. By mid-September, Burgoyne's force reached the northern outskirts of the small village of Saratoga. He left home around 1753 after a bitter argument with his father. A statue of Morgan was erected at the McConnelsville library, in Morgan County, Ohio in 2017. how many died? After a contingent of Burgoynes troops was defeated in the Battle of Bennington, his reduced forces marched south toward Saratoga in early September. Pierce Archive LLC/Buyenlarge via Getty Images. But the British hadnt seen the last of Daniel Morgan. Wayne and Lafayette with the same strategy. What was Horatio Gatess role in the Conway Cabal that tried to overthrow Washington as commander-in-chief? Taking command of a corps of light infantry, Morgan finally received promotion to brigadier general on October 13, 1780. Howes forces occupied Philadelphia but failed to deliver a crushing blow against Washingtons troops, who then spent a hard winter at Valley Forge. Stay up-to-date on the American Battlefield Trust's battlefield preservation efforts, travel tips, upcoming events, history content and more. Eager for a command of his own, he was excited to learn that a new light infantry brigade was being formed. This led to the capture of many British soldiers by the Americans, which resulted in his retreat and surrender in Saratoga on October 17th. Gates was hailed as the hero of Saratoga, which infuriated Arnold. On October 8, the British army attempts to escape north, but a cold, hard rain forces them to stop and encamp near the town of Saratoga. He also served in the Philadelphia campaign before resigning from the army in 1779. 6. NOTE: this allows the FP website to set a cookie to display a message that "your comment is awaiting moderation." Do not change any pronouns that already agree with the antecedent in number and gender./ Sheets, Rebecca Edwards, Robert O. Self, Alan Brinkley, Albert S. Broussard, Donald A. Ritchie, James M. McPherson, Joyce Appleby, DVSA Driving Theory Test - Section 1: Alertne. What is Morgans strategy to defeat Burgoyne? France officially declared war on Britain in June 1778, and in the fall of 1781, Washingtons Continental Army and French soldiers commanded by General Jean Baptiste de Rochambeau moved against British forces at Yorktown, Virginia; a fleet of 36 French warships offshore prevented British reinforcement or evacuation. Gatess attempt to turn Congress against Washington was revealed in a letter from Thomas Conway, which was leaked by Gatess adjutant, James Wilkinson, and relayed to Washington himself. The goal of this two-pronged British advance was to separate New England (where the American Revolution had the most popular support) from the southern colonies, which provided much of the rebel armys supplies. That night, he withdrew to the village of Saratoga, New York (renamed Schuylerville in honor of Philip Schuyler) about eight miles to the northwest. Court-martialed, Morgan was sentenced to 500 lashes. They were joined by another seven regiments from Bemis Heights. What is Morgan's Strategy to defeat Burgoyne? In early July 1777, Burgoyne and some 8,000 Redcoats forced the surrender of Fort Ticonderoga, on Lake Champlain. What is Morgan's Strategy to defeat Burgoyne? In 1781, (Patrick) Duffey served under Generals Wayne and Lafayette in Virginia, fighting a desperate battle at Green Spring Farm on July 6. Although British troops under Lieutenant General Charles Cornwallis (1738-1805) scored a tactical victory at Guilford read more. Strength: Freeman's Farm American: 7,000 British: 6,000 Bemis Heights American: 11,000 . What gamble does Washington take to save his men from small pocs? On the morning of January 17, 1781, they met Tarleton in the Battle of Cowpens. Learning of Morgans march into the backcountry, British General Cornwallis sent cavalry and infantry under the notorious and despised Lt. In 1973, the home Saratoga was declared a National Historic Landmark. Introduction to the Podcast, Washington and Tarleton even had a sword duel of sorts. Following the battle, Morgan briefly commanded Woodford's Virginia Brigade. The first may be found here. [35], The Daniel Morgan House at Winchester was added to the National Register of Historic Places in 2013.[36]. Also part of the expedition were two of his future commanders in Lieutenant Colonel George Washington and Captain Horatio Gates. While the British remain stuck, the American army is replenished and grows to 13,000 strong. 1. Under pressure, his men rallied when Arnold arrived on the field andthe two inflicted heavy losses on the British before retiring to Bemis Heights. (It is now in West Virginia.) The son of Welsh immigrants, he initially saw service in the French and Indian War as a teamster before putting his marksmanship skills to use as a colonial ranger. Burgoynes battered forces dug trenches and waited for reinforcements, but none came. The Americans were able to inflict heavy casualties on the British that day, but the delay in the counterattack caused the Americans to fall back. He was smooth, glib, well educated, a marvelous horseman, an ideal cavalry officer. In Charles Town, S.C., Tarletons charm and sophistication had led to amorous successes among American lasses, adding another reason for Patriots to despise him. In the early 1780s, Morgan joined efforts with Col. Nathaniel Burwell to build a water-powered mill in Millwood, Virginia. After capturing Philadelphia in September 1777, British General William Howe read more, The Battle of Camden in South Carolina was a lopsided victory for the British during the American Revolutionary War. The Battle of Quebec began in a blizzard on the morning of December 31. As part of his settling down in 1782, he joined the Presbyterian Church and, using Hessian prisoners of war, built a new house near Winchester, Virginia. He claimed that he had unjustly been passed over for promotion by the Continental Congress and that others took credit for his accomplishments. Morgan and many of his men were later captured by Governor Sir Guy Carleton's forces. Along with a number of internet accounts of the men involved and the battles, the primary source for this article was James K. Swishers tremendous The Revolutionary War in the Southern Back Country. I recommend it highly to all. The Battle of Cowpens in the Revolutionary War, American Revolution: Major General Horatio Gates, American Revolution, Major General Nathanael Greene, American Revolution: Major General Benjamin Lincoln, American Revolution: Major General Charles Lee, American Revolution: Lieutenant Colonel Banastre Tarleton, American Revolution: Major General Benedict Arnold, American Revolution: Major General John Stark, American Revolution: Major General Anthony Wayne, American Revolution: New York, Philadelphia, & Saratoga, American Revolution Brigadier General Francis Marion (The Swamp Fox), American Revolution: Lieutenant General John Burgoyne, The Most Important Inventions of the Industrial Revolution, Lieutenant General Lord Charles Cornwallis, M.S., Information and Library Science, Drexel University, B.A., History and Political Science, Pennsylvania State University. As a result of the victory, France officially recognized the cause of American independence and began to openly give military assistance to the rebels. I enjoyed researching andd writing it. What is protecting British occupied Yorktown? During this time, there was talk in Congress about replacing Washington with Gates. Morgan had been joined by militia forces under Andrew Pickens and William Washington's dragoons. He was later assigned to lead the Provisional Rifle Corps, a special 500-man formation of light infantry. After six weeks recovering, Morgan joked that theyd miscounted: He only got 499! The main leader for the British was General John Burgoyne. Benedict Arnold arrived, and he and Morgan managed to reform the unit. Later in 1775, Congress approved an invasion of Canada and tasked Brigadier General Richard Montgomery with leading the main force north from Lake Champlain. After the uprising had been suppressed, Morgan commanded the remnant of the army that remained until 1795 in Pennsylvania, some 1,200 militiamen, one of whom was Meriwether Lewis.[28]. In 1755, he and his cousin Daniel Boone took part in Major General Edward Braddock's ill-fated campaign against Fort Duquesne, which ended in a stunning defeat at the Battle of the Monongahela. [6] With multiple extra wagons, this operation quickly expanded into a thriving business. In the aftermath of the Battle of Bemis Heights, some 20,000 American soldiers surrounded Burgoynes remaining 5,000 Redcoats at Saratoga. Stalemated in the North, the British moved the War to the South. In June 1778, Morgan missed the Battle of Monmouth Court House when Major General Charles Lee failed to apprise him of the army's movements. ", 71st Regiment of Foot, Fraser's Highlanders, "Lebanon Township, New Jersey Revolutionary War Sites | Lebanon Township Historic Sites", "Major General Daniel Morgan Historical Marker", "Key to the Surrender of General Burgoyne", "Officers Represented in the Society of the Cincinnati", "Eyewitness 1818: No jail could hold this Pittsburgh thief", http://www.u-s-history.com/pages/h407.html, GENi: Brig. - warned Washington about the British plans to ambush newly arrived French Fleet (French were to ally with Americans).