In the 1500s they had ships called Spanish Galleons that . Europeans wanted to find their own trade routes and cut out the middle men, and with their better ships, maps, and navigational tools, they finally had the technology to do it. Francisco Pizarro subdued the Incas of Peru in 1533. All rights reserved. (1521) Pizarro took land from the Incas in what is today Peru. The 15th and 16th centuries have often been labeled the age of exploration, discovery, and expansion. This map traces Coronados path through the American Southwest and the Great Plains. They were hoping to get rich, like their Spanish neighbors. This button displays the currently selected search type. 247 lessons There were different reasons for the Spanish and Portuguese exploration, with the Portuguese establishing a trading post empire to protect their goods, and Spain focusing on empire-building. This island, like all the others, is most extensive. Vasco Nez de Balboa marched through Panama to the Pacific ocean; Hernando Corts conquered Mexico; Francisco Pizarro subdued Peru; and Francisco Vsquez de Coronado moved north. A major result of the European Age of Exploration was. The main driving forces for these pressures include the growing population associated with rapid urbanization and human settlements along the coast, industrial growth, oil exploration, production and export and the associated tanker traffic, fishing, tourism, agriculture, aquaculture and sea water desalination. One of this periods most famous works is the novel The Ingenious Gentleman Don Quixote of La Mancha, by Miguel de Cervantes. The Spanish started the trade of potatoes, pineapples, turkey, dahlias, sunflowers, magnolia, maize, chillies and chocolate across the Atlantic. The explorers also gained new foods like corn and pineapple. | 22 . Spanish and Portuguese Atlantic encounters set in motion the Columbian Exchange Columbian Exchange: The exchange of plants, animals, and diseases between Europe, Africa, and the Americas from first contact through the Age of Exploration (1500-1599). Using the explorers first name as a label for the new landmass, Waldseemuller attached America to his map of the New World in 1507, and the name stuck. I feel like its a lifeline. All other trademarks and copyrights are the property of their respective owners. Below are excerpts from Columbuss 1493 letter to Luis de Santngel, which illustrates how fantastic reports from European explorers gave rise to many myths surrounding the Spanish conquest and the New World. Spain was unable to compete with Portugal throughout most of the 15th century as it was occupied with consolidating itself on the Iberian peninsula and defeating the Islamic empire that had been present since the early middle ages. The exploits of European explorers had a profound impact both in the Americas and back in Europe. Explore the collection at The Cervantes Project for images, complete texts, and other resources relating to Cervantess works. Key Explorers The key figure in early Portuguese exploration was Prince Henry, the son of King John I. Nicknamed "the Navigator," Henry was not an explorer himself. Sugar fueled the Atlantic slave trade, and the Portuguese islands quickly became home to sugar plantations. Inspired and backed financially by Prince Henry the Navigator, Portuguese explorers sailed south, down the coast of Africa, in hopes of finding a route to the Far East. The Europeans enslaved the Native Americans and took most of them back to Europe. Starting in 1485, he approached Genoese, Venetian, Portuguese, English, and Spanish monarchs, asking for ships and funding to explore this westward route. In 1519, he entered Tenochtitln, the capital of the Aztec (Mexica) Empire. Ushered in a new age of sustained global contact; world connected through networks of exchange. succeed. conquered Aztecs, killed emperor, collected gold Ferdinand Magellan The Portuguese also traded these slaves, introducing much-needed human capital to other European nations. Their son, Martn, may have been the first mestizo (person of mixed indigenous American and European descent). At the heart of the Spanish exploration, was the desire to gain access to the spice and silk routes to increase their power and . Her specialties include early modern European history, gender history, and music history. The increased flow of silver altered the worldwide global trading both socially and economically. When these expeditions began, Europeans knew virtually nothing about the area past Cape Bojador on. Moreover, it would be incorrect to attribute purely mercenary or religious goals to the conquest. The Spanish also introduced Catholicism into the New World. People were curious, interested, and eager for fresh experiences and observations. Pizarro began his work by capturing the Incan king and holding him for ransom, the astronomical amount of which flooded the Spanish coiffures and made empire-building more lucrative than it had ever been. answer choices. The Impact of Portuguese Exploration Portugal's explorers changed Europeans' understanding of the world in several ways. Location of the Strait of Magellan. Missionaries like Motolinia had a legitimate desire to convert the natives and others like him, including the Dominican friar Bartolome de Las Casas, who wrote "A Brief Account of the Destruction of the West Indies" to draw attention to the atrocities committed against the natives by his fellow Spaniards. Among these was Toribio Motolinia, whose work, History of the Indians of New Spain, provided a comprehensive description not only of conversion methods, but Aztec religious and cultural practices. The magnetic compass was a compass that had a magnetized needle supporting a magnetic card. It has many ports along the sea-coast excelling any in Christendomand many fine, large, flowing rivers. It also established trading posts in China and Japan. There was plenty of room to spread out, interesting cultures and landscapes to explore, natives to Christianize, and even better, economic opportunities galore, including new sources of gold and silver. Spanish . So basically it helped explorers reach their destination. Where did Christopher Columbus first land? AP European History: The Age of Expansion, The Market Economy in 17th Century Europe, Psychological Research & Experimental Design, All Teacher Certification Test Prep Courses, The Age of Discovery and the Conquistadors, AP European History: Overview of the Renaissance, AP European History: Renaissance Philosophy, Art & Literature, AP European History: Reformation Roots & Teachings, AP European History: The Reformation's Effects Across Europe, The Old World and New World: Why Europeans Sailed to the Americas, Portuguese and Spanish Empires: Growth in the New World & Asia, The Columbian Exchange, Global Trade & Mercantilism, Triangular Trade: Route, System & Role in Slavery, The Commercial Revolution: Economic Impact of Exploration and Colonization on Europe, Spreading Religion in the Age of Exploration, AP European History: The Rise of Monarchical Nation States, AP European History: English History (1450-1700), AP European History: The Scientific Revolution and Enlightenment, AP European History: The French Revolution, AP European History: The Napoleonic Empire, AP European History: 19th Century Revolutionary Movements, AP European History: The First Industrial Revolution, AP European History: Unifications of Nation States in the 19th Century, AP European History: Russia After World War I, AP European History: Integration: Europe after the Soviet Union, Developing and Writing Your AP Exam Essay, History 106: The Civil War and Reconstruction, AP European History: Homework Help Resource, ILTS Social Science - History (246): Test Practice and Study Guide, GED Social Studies: Civics & Government, US History, Economics, Geography & World, High School US History: Homework Help Resource, High School US History: Tutoring Solution, Roman God Pluto of the Underworld: Facts & Overview, Pseudo-Dionysius the Areopagite's Mystical Theology, Working Scholars Bringing Tuition-Free College to the Community, Recognize the exploration of the Portuguese and Spanish Empires, Identify the African and Brazilian expansion by Portugal, Describe the Spanish conquerors and conquest of South and Central America. Notes FAQ Contact . When we read them now, we need to take the descriptions with a grain of salt. Islamic states had dominated. C. Africans sold spices to Portugal and Spain. This split desire for wealth and religious conversion was the complicated reason why Spain explored the New World. copyright 2003-2023 Study.com. European exploration, exploration of regions of Earth for scientific, commercial, religious, military, and other purposes by Europeans, beginning about the 4th century bce. The Spanish monarchs knew that Portuguese mariners had reached the southern tip of Africa and sailed the Indian Ocean. Payroll Services Expert, Novartis, Prague, Czech Republic 20+ Billion Cash Disbursements, 600k + payments through more than 400 Bank Accounts and countless lives impacted positively with our contributions to fulfill our noble purpose of reimagining medicineThe Payroll Services Expert supports the development of P&O processes, principles, and guidelines for a small client group, as well as . Sugar fueled the Atlantic slave trade, and the Portuguese islands quickly became home to sugar plantations. 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Thousands of Spaniards flocked to the Americas seeking wealth and status. What was Portugals role in the age of discovery? Columbus' discoveries also shifted the reasons behind Spanish exploration from trade to empire-building and exploration. Portrait of Ferdinand Magellan. This exchange benefitted Europeans more than Native Americans because Europeans spread smallpox , a deadly disease, to Native Americans when they came into contact with them. Try refreshing the page, or contact customer support. Westward Expansion, 1840-1900, Industrialization and the Rise of Big Business, 1870-1900, The Growing Pains of Urbanization, 1870-1900, Leading the Way: The Progressive Movement, 1890-1920, Age of Empire: American Foreign Policy, 1890-1914, The Jazz Age: Redefining the Nation, 1919-1929, Brother, Can You Spare a Dime? In time, much of the Atlantic World would become a gargantuan sugar-plantation complex in which Africans labored to produce the highly profitable commodity for European consumers. 101 Independence Ave. His patronage allowed some of the most important Portuguese expeditions to take place. Note the various fanciful elements, such as the large-scale ships and sea creatures, and consider what the creator of this map hoped to convey. Thus the goals of the Spanish conquest were quite different from the Portuguese. Inspired by tales of rivers of gold and timid, malleable natives, later Spanish explorers were relentless in their quest for land and gold. 1 What was the effect of Spanish and Portuguese exploration? Finally, Vasco de Gama arrived in India and came back with a nice, profitable load of spices in 1499. Ecuador and Columbia fell to Spain later in the 1530s, and Chile succumbed in the 1540s. Sugar fueled the Atlantic slave trade, and the Portuguese islands quickly became home to sugar plantations. There were new places to explore, room to spread out, and cultures and economies to discover and even control. I would definitely recommend Study.com to my colleagues. They stayed because of the wealth found in the region. Beyond the splendor of the architecture of the missions, what we see today is the cumulative effect of a historic process Spain triggered with its efforts to govern and Christianize the New World, thereby culturally changing the land and people forever. They also had different strategies that helped them make progress through their travels of the ocean. The voyages of Columbus. He and his men were astonished by the incredibly sophisticated causeways, gardens, and temples in the city, but they were horrified by the practice of human sacrifice that was part of the Aztec religion. Probanzas de mritos were reports and letters written by Spaniards in the New World to the Spanish crown, designed to win royal patronage. How did Exploration impact the world? What impact did the Portuguese and Spanish explorers have on Europe? The Spanish looked south in the 1530s and 1540s. They forced the native people to change their religion and follow Christainity. However, the overthrow of the Mongols by the Ottoman Empire had closed that border as the longstanding religious differences between Christian Europe and Muslim Ottomans allowed the old conflict to disrupt the flow of trade. (credit: modification of work by National Park Service), Next: Religious Upheavals in the Developing Atlantic World, Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, Describe Portuguese exploration of the Atlantic and Spanish exploration of the Americas, and the importance of these voyages to the developing Atlantic World, Explain the importance of Spanish exploration of the Americas in the expansion of Spains empire and the development of Spanish Renaissance culture. The global flow of silver from the mid-sixteenth century to the early eighteenth century caused social and economic issues by creating social impact in China, changing the economic purpose for trading, and the overall exchange between the Chinese and European nations. It results in increased costs, higher production rates, and lower . At Elmina the main source was Ashanti gold, at trading points on the Guinea coast it was gold diverted to Portuguese traders from the caravan route from Timbuktu to Morocco. There are many spices and vast mines of gold and other metals in this island. Sources. flashcard sets. The Spaniards moved north, too. Originally built by the Portuguese in the fifteenth century, it appears in this image as it was in the 1660s, after being seized by Dutch slave traders in 1637. Menu and widgets There is honey, and there are many kinds of birds, and a great variety of fruits. Millions of Amerindians died by violence and disease as the Spanish marched through their lands, and even the very face of the land changed as the explorers and settlers brought new livestock, weeds, and germs to the New World. There were different reasons for the Spanish and Portuguese exploration, with the Portuguese establishing a trading post empire to protect their goods, and Spain focusing on. The age of exploration came along way from 15th to the 17yh century bringing along voyages, conquests, new lands, disease, religion, and the exchange of goods. It began with the Vikings' brief stint . With his faithful sidekick Sancho Panza, Don Quixote leaves reality behind and sets out to revive chivalry by doing battle with what he perceives as the enemies of Spain. The effect of the Thrash's set items were huge. The Portuguese expanded in wealth and founded the international slave trade, an institution whose ramifications would haunt Atlantic history until the nineteenth century. Spurred by Christopher Columbuss glowing reports of the riches to be found in the New World, throngs of Spanish conquistadors set off to find and conquer new lands. The Spanish came to the New World first to have a Far East trading link. Santngel had supported Columbuss voyage, helping him to obtain funding from Ferdinand and Isabella. 2 Why was exploration so important to Spain? The Portuguese destroyed the Arab trade routes in the Indian Ocean between Africa, Arabia and India. When expanded it provides a list of search options that will switch the search inputs to match the current selection. When Vasco de Gama found a new route to India, the Portuguese were able to trade spices and jewels. Most trades for Western Europe required overland travel, which only grew more difficult with Ottoman conquests in the East. This phenomenon is named after the physics of whip cracking. Vespuccis widely published accounts of his voyages fueled speculation and intense interest in the New World among Europeans. 5 Pages. The Economic Causes of European Maritime Exploration Various economic factors led some European monarchs, royal families, and states to support early maritime explorations financially. Other countries would soon follow suit with France and Spain founding colonies for trade connections and means of dealing with dissident religious groups in North America. Why did the authors of probanzas de mritos choose to write in the way that they did? Translated to conqueror, conquistadors were a class of men who especially partook in the age of exploration and discovery by leading expeditions to the New World with the understanding that conquest would gain them wealth and power with their monarchs. All lands to the west of the line, identified as the Line of Demarcation, would be Spains. The local Amerindian population were enslaved by the Spanish, and forced to work. Gold became the biggest source of income for the Portuguese crown. Portugal discovered new lands, new sea routes and made better maps of the world. They understood that the Portuguese would soon reach Asia and, in this competitive race to reach the Far East, the Spanish rulers decided to act. As Spains empire expanded and riches flowed in from the Americas, the Spanish experienced a golden age of art and literature. Amy has MA degrees in History, English, and Theology. Spanish Exploration Birth of the USA American Constitution American Independence War Causes of the American Revolution Democratic Republican Party General Thomas Gage biography Intolerable Acts Loyalists Powers of the President Quebec Act Seven Years' War Stamp Act Tea Party Cold War Battle of Dien Bien Phu Brezhnev Doctrine Brezhnev Era Although the period known as the Age of Discovery, when Western Europe's conquistadors or conquerors discovered the true expanse of the globe, began with a Portuguese and Spanish desire to find ways to the Far East and the spice trade, it ended with both nations permanently expanding a myriad of trade networks and colonies on continents previously unknown. a long period of peace and prosperity for the nations of western Europe. They traded up the Zambezi river and interfered with the existing inland African trade. The carrack first appeared, historians believe, in the late 13th and early 14th centuries. The overland routes involved terrain that was unforgiving and dangerous, and merchants couldn't trust that they would always be safe. The Portuguese also traded these slaves, introducing much-needed human capital to other European nations. However, after three years of entreaties, and, more important, the completion of the Reconquista, Ferdinand and Isabella agreed to finance Columbuss expedition in 1492, supplying him with three ships: the Nina, the Pinta, and the Santa Maria. Upon Columbuss return to Spain, the Spanish crown bestowed on him the title of Admiral of the Ocean Sea and named him governor and viceroy of the lands he had discovered. Portugal, the western-most European country, was one of the primary players in the European Age of Discovery and Exploration. What impact did the Portuguese have on exploration? Portugal protested that the line gave excessively to Spain. This angered the people of Tenochtitln, who rose up against the interlopers in their city. extensive migration of people from the Western Hemisphere to Europe and Asia. The Spanish also brought smallpox into the valley of Mexico. They explored the coasts of Africa and brought back gold and slaves. The story of North American exploration spans an entire millennium and involves a wide array of European powers and uniquely American characters. However, they also brought disease and existing conflicts between European nations. During the Spanish colonial era, ships frequently transported mercury across the Atlantic to the New World to be used in gold mining. . However, the reality is far more complex. Spanish and Portuguese Exploration Spain and Portugal were neighboring kingdoms in the Iberian Peninsula and fierce competitors exploring the African coastline. They explored the coasts of Africa and brought back gold and slaves. In 1533, Pizarro founded Lima, Peru. Above all else, the Aztec wealth in gold fascinated the Spanish adventurers. found and claimed Pacific Ocean for Spain and called it the south sea Hernando Cortes 1519- to find gold glory and god. The Portuguese took firm control of trade with the Far East. Spain had dominated much of the Americas; Ortiz goes as far to brand the period as "The Golden Age of Spain [1] ". De Gama's successful venture created a greater demand than ever before for overseas trades along the African coast. The Portuguese replaced Arab control of the trade in ivory, gold and slaves with their own. In 1493, Columbus sent two copies of a probanza de mrito to the Spanish king and queen and their minister of finance, Luis de Santngel. Enrolling in a course lets you earn progress by passing quizzes and exams. But we can also fact-check these descriptions, whereas the Spanish court could only take them at face value. All lands to the east of the line would go to Portugal. Such accounts kept the debate on the treatment of natives constantly at the forefront of political life during the age of exploration with the struggle always between greed and humanity. Almost as an afterthought, the Portuguese turned west to Brazil in the 16th century and began settlement in 1533. Between 1540 and 1542, Coronado led a large expedition of Spaniards and native allies to the lands north of Mexico City, and for the next several years, they explored the area that is now the southwestern United States ([link]). This was especially true under the ecomienda system, whereby the Spanish built plantations for mining and farming and managed by Amerindian labor. Portugals Prince Henry the Navigator spearheaded his countrys exploration of Africa and the Atlantic in the 1400s. Bartholomew Dias found the Cape of Good Hope, while his successor Vasco de Gama made it to India, where he realized Portuguese dreams of having a direct spice trade link and allowed the Portuguese to dominate the trade. The Carrack or Nao (meaning ship) was developed as a fusion between Mediterranean and Northern European-style ships. The motives for Spanish exploration was to find Northwest Passage, which they believed was a direct and efficient route to the Orient home of spices, silks and wealth. The system also allowed them to protect their imports as they traveled back to Portugal. During the fifteenth century, Spain hoped to gain advantage over its rival, Portugal. This venture drew them further out, especially with Prince Henry the Navigator's patronage of exploration which opened the possibilities of finding a route to the Far East by sea. Portugal got richer because of the Indian trade. explored isthmus of panama. When this lesson is over, you should be able to: To unlock this lesson you must be a Study.com Member. While the Portuguese remained focused on the establishment of trading networks, only turning to full colonization later, Spanish discoveries of established empires in North and South America led them to explore and subsequently expand their own empire with the intention of growing wealthier and spreading Catholicism. For example, the mariner's astrolabe, which helped to plot location by measuring the altitude of the sun and stars. Henry the navigator was a mapmaker and helped build ships. Many other Europeans followed in Columbuss footsteps, drawn by dreams of winning wealth by sailing west. As Western Europe transitioned from the regional divides of the middle ages to stronger centralized countries, kings and queens looked for ways of expanding their spheres of influence and world outlooks. Eli Whitney Inventions & Facts | What Did Eli Whitney Invent? How to Market Your Business with Webinars. They explored the coasts of Africa and brought back gold and slaves. . The trees, fruits and grasses differ widely from those in Juana. After Columbus voyages to the New World, the Portuguese, Spanish, French, Dutch, and English began the active exploration and exploitation of the newly discovered land in the Americas.