Both for the value he attributed to manual work, and for economical and ideological reasons, he resorts, to traditional techniques that drastically reduce the use of machinery and exploit materials that are readily and cheaply available: earth, straw, manual labour, stones. With the New Baris project, Hassan Fathy experimented for a new community a project combining urban planning, social organization, natural passive cooling and vernacular architecture. Hassan Fathy. He drew from traditional construction techniques, reused traditional forms of simple rural dwellings or from his research, and used local materials such as mud. You can also subscribe to your region's newsletter for local updates! It is a very economical material, which allows a wide variety of uses. Save my name, email, and website in this browser for the next time I comment. Hassan Fathy was an Egyptian architect (1900-1989) who very quickly freed himself from the neoclassical teaching that was the rule for architects of the time. Your email address will not be published. While other architects were seeking fame and fortune, Hassan Fathy saw the genius of incorporating traditional design and building materials. He established a private practice in Cairo where he also worked as professor of Fine Arts and Head of the Architectural School, at the University of Cairo. The Global Ecovillage Network is a registered charity: SC043796 and has consultative status in the UN – ECOSOC. By using an almost unique material in a hostile universe, he multiplies the architectural devices in order to build naturally ventilated buildings, to create a community that can work in the middle of the desert, and this at a lower cost using vernacular inspired architecture. . In 1963, a large water source was discovered 60 kilometers south of the Kharga Oasis. In his lifetime he designed more than thirty projects including several villages for the poor. Hassan Fathy, born in 1900 in Alexandria, Egypt, was an Egyptian architect, artist and poet who had a lifelong commitment to architecture in the Muslim world. Your email address will not be published. The traditional village of Kharga allowed him to observe constructions capable of reducing the feeling of the 50 degrees temperatures. Volunteering supports the network while forming valuable connections, meeting incredible people, and contributing to a positive future. An Architecture for People: The Complete Works of Hassan Fathy reviews the ideas and designs of Egyptian architect Hassan Fathy (1900-1989), best known for his striking Architecture for the Poor (University of Chicago, 1973), which described his efforts to create the village of New Gourna for 7,000 displaced Egyptian peasants known as the Gourni. . 1 “In which material shall we build? The market, the Suk, is the active heart of the community. Only a few buildings were constructed such as the market (55x45m), the building in charge of the district administration (30x40m), the outer shell of the museum and the social center, and a few villas. Born into an affluent family, Hassan Fathy studied Western architecture at university in Cairo. 35 Spectacular Buildings by Egypt’s Architectural Legend Hassan Fathy Today's Google homepage doodle, commemorated Egypt's architectural legend Hassan Fathy's birthday, so we put together a list of the spectacular work he did. This new village, in addition to being located in the middle of the desert and subjected to very high temperatures, was intended to be an agricultural village. Basic building blocks of Fathy’s design Mud is used in its most common style i.e., ... Safeguarding project of Hassan Fathy’s New Gourna Village, 2011. Subscribe to our monthly Newsletter to keep up to date with the latest news and happenings in ecovillages and their allies around the globe. By using an almost unique material in a hostile universe, he multiplies the architectural devices in order to build naturally ventilated buildings, to create a community that can work in the middle of the desert, and this at a lower cost using vernacular inspired architecture. 20 years after the community experience of New Gourna, Hassan Fathy was mandated on a similar project in the middle of the desert. Hassan Fathy (1900-1989) was an Egyptian architect and engineer who has been credited with bringing the vernacular architecture of Egypt to a wider audience, and for putting neglected traditional building systems to work for the poor. When he builds it is often for peasants, reproducing their traditions and rites at the risk of sometimes falling into a kind of paternalism. We can develop or innovate on the design concept of a project, but on the other hand, I believe that the philosophy of Hassan Fathy in architecture is already entire, and one can only try to understand it more and more. This added an extra parameter: storing crops where no artificial cooling system was possible. All his life Hassan Fathy has wanted to use the architectural language of his country to rekindle the people’s faith in their culture. However, there is also a strong community and social dimension to Hassan Fathy’s projects. Hassan Fathy’s is a name that is instantly recognisable among Arab architects and conjures up idyllic images of hand-smoothed walls and domes covered in adobe, nestled in a … The village of New Gourna was designed and built in the 1940s by the Egyptian Architect Hassan Fathy. Finally, Hassan Fathy respected that nature should take precedence in the design of new structures. The community buildings essential to the village are also subject to the same considerations of traditional ventilation. This added an extra parameter: storing crops where no artificial cooling system was possible. Begin typing your search term above and press enter to search. Jan 9, 2021 - Explore Alaa Gaber's board "hassan fathy" on Pinterest. The brick is, in fact, the only material used in his works. Press ESC to cancel. Once again the solution used by Hassan Fathy is the use of clay. After graduation in 1926 he was shocked by the very poor state of village people, but he did not feel at all that it was suitable either economically or aesthetically to improve it with European modern architecture using iron and concrete. ), Hassan Fathy dans son temps, Gollion: Infolio, 2013, p. 14. 12 The photographic credits indicate that apart from material held in the rbscl (Cairo (Egypt), Ameri ; 3 Hassan Fathy dans son temps provides a substantial contribution to the literature on the Egyptian master. Moreover its thermal mass allows very important temperature differentials between the outside and the inside. Fathy worked to create an indigenous environment at a minimal cost, and in so doing to improve the economy and the standard of living in rural areas. See more ideas about architecture, vernacular architecture, architect. [Hassan Fathy's New Gourna Short Film By Oliver Wilkins] With the exception of a mausoleum and few private homes, his ideas printed in his “Gourna, tale of two villages have failed to produce any practical solutions for Egypt’s urban and housing problems. The intention to accommodate several families, to build them a village at low cost, while wishing to federate the community logically guided the choice of the architect for Hassan Fathy. See more ideas about vernacular architecture, architecture, architect. One such material is the mud brick. As new modernist theories began to emerge, he moved away from them and focused on the architecture of Ancient Egypt. All of the buildings here are built from the earth of which they stand, in the form of either adobe or, as in most cases, baked mud bricks. New Gourna Village (2015) World Monuments Fund. Fathy utilized ancient design methods and materials. With the triple principles of the spatial and environmental systems derived from the buildings in Old Cairo, the logic and economy of using mud brick and knowledge of the Nubian techniques of building in that material firmly in place, Fathy was ready to embark on a new phase of his career. Help improve the library by adding your own solutions! The Organization for Desert Development estimated that it has the capacity to continuously irrigate about 1000 acres of land. Based on the structural massing of ancient buildings, Fathy incorporated dense brick walls and traditional courtyard forms to provide passive cooling. Hassan Fathy is the most famous of the Egyptian Architects, who used traditional materials, means of construction, and vernacular styles in his search for an inexpensive form of architecture for the poor. This first dedicated and cohesive book on Egyptian architect Hassan Fathy (1900-89) compiles an exhaustive amount of diverse material on the modernist architect known for his work developing traditional Arab architecture alongside principles of modernism. Finally, Hassan Fathy respected that nature should take precedence in the design of new structures. Theme By, Hassan Fathy, Building in the Desert in New Baris. Lahir : Alexandria, Mesir 23 Maret 1900 Wafat : Kairo, Mesir 30 November 1989 (di usia 89 tahun) Penghargaan Aga Khan Chairman’s for Architecture 1980 Balzan Prize 1980 Right Livelihood Award 1980 Hassan Fathy adalah seorang arsitek berkebangsaan Mesir. As a solution-based, multi-stakeholder alliance, GEN provides information, tools, examples, and representation to the expanding global network dedicated to demonstrating principles and practices of sustainability in their lifestyles and communities. Donating funds to GEN is a tangible way to contribute to this concrete and dynamic movement for positive change. He was a cosmopolitan intellectual, with knowledge of Western and Eastern literature and philosophy, absorbing the influences of very different traditions. A huge brick production yard was setup on site to supply the build with adjacent water supply, established using the holes the generated by the excavation of mud for bricks. He has received the Union of International Architects Gold Medal, the Egyptian Government's National Prize for Arts and Letters, and the Aga Kahn Award for Architecture. building. Required fields are marked *. It then decided to set up a farming community to occupy this isolated land. Hassan Fathy Egyptian Architect (1900 – 1989) 2. All content on this site is licensed under under a. Crops are stored underground to take advantage of its natural inertia. Hassan Fathy devoted himself to housing the poor in developing nations and deserves study by anyone involved in rural improvement. On the other hand 61% of the remaining Hassan Fathy structures areirreversibly altered, since buildings have been severely modified to the extent that they cannotbe retrieved to their original condition.In regards to architectural significance, the survey identified 9 architecturally significantbuildings (15% of the total number of remaining Hassan Fathy structures), which include … Experimental and unorthodox as his ideas were, more than two-thirds of his projects were either partially or completely realised. Beliau merupakan salah seorang arsitek yang menentang arsitektur modern dan international style. Mar 13, 2020 - This Board Celebrates the Life + Work of the Great Hassan Fathy. The path of Hassan Fathy”, Earthen architecture in today’s world, Proceedings of the UNESCO International Colloquium on the Conservation of World Heritage Earthen Architecture, World Heritage, Papers 36, Unesco, Paris, 2013, pp. He wrote “here, for years, for centuries, the peasant had been wisely and quietly exploiting the obvious building material, while we, with our modern school-learned ideas, never dreamed of using such a ludicrous substance as mud for so serious a creation as a house.” Connecting Communities for a Sustainable World. While the use of vaults and domes was originally due to Fathy’s choice of mud bricks as his main construction material, at this point in his career the employment of these forms was so assimilated into his architecture that he used them in different contexts and with different materials. Hassan fathy 1. Thus it is with little data that Hassan Fathy built a community in the middle of the desert, creating through architecture a link between the inhabitants, spaces forming the different parts of this micro-society. This new village, in addition to being located in the middle of the desert and subjected to very high temperatures, was intended to be an agricultural village. Hassan Fathy was an Egyptian architect, artist, and poet who had a tremendous impact on generations of architects and planners. The orientation and size of the streets of this village, built according to the winds, was also a theme that Fathy took up in his natural ventilation system in New Baris. Your donation helps to support and to spread ecovillages around the world. 2. Very quickly his first projects showed a deep understanding of Egyptian vernacular architecture. Hassan Fathy (b. Egypt, 1899; d. 1989) Hassan Fathy was born in Egypt in 1899. Egyptian architect Hassan Fathy died in 1989 but left behind a legacy of 160 building projects ranging from small projects to large-scale communities complete with mosques and schools. Hassan Fathy (1900-1989) is arguably the most widely known and influential Egyptian architect of the 20th century. Copyright 2021 Senses Atlas All Right Reserved. In the village, systems taking advantage of the proximity of water are set up on different scales to support the natural ventilation systems. HASSAN FATHY, an Egyptian architect, has taught on the Faculty of Fine Arts in Cairo and served as head of its architectural section. Contrary to the New Gourna project ,where the villagers already formed a community, the 250 families who were to live in New Baris had no ties and Hassan Fathy was not able to get to know them. We invite donations to GEN International or a GEN Region. First of all, the plan of the village is drawn along a north-south axis which allows to take advantage of the shadows of the buildings on the streets all day long. New Gourna became the prototype for other rural building projects in the Middle East, and its construction was chronicled in Fathy’s book, Architecture for the Poor, published in English in 1972. Half of the inhabitants had to be farmers, while the other half had to be in personal service. The domes and vault are an architecture element that also facilitates the passage of air. The supporting walls are made either of sun dried bricks made of mud and reinforced with straw (adobe), or of local stones, or fired bricks. All these natural passive ventilation systems are part of a global strategy of ventilation and humidification. The Vernacular Architect of the Egyptian Architect, Hassan Fathy, Accessible and safe technique for maintenance and use of humanure and urine from a dry toilet, ecovillages as transdisciplinary sustainability “classrooms”, Ecological Economics thesis: “Livelihood options in ecological communities”, Tesis sociológica: Formas de organización social de la Ecoaldea “X”, Sociological thesis: Organizational forms of the “X ecovillage”, Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike 4.0 International License. Essentially, mud brick exemplified a low-tech, low-energy approach, the material being sun-dried rather than expensively fired in kilns. For the dwellings, a continuous ventilation system is set up, they are gathered around courtyards (Sahn/Hosh system), and integrate different architectural systems such as the Taktaboosh, a covered outdoor sitting area at ground level. The Global Ecovillage Network envisions a world of empowered people and communities, designing pathways to a sustainable future, while building bridges of hope and international solidarity. These include the Salsabil, a water-fed cooling plate or a fountain named Nafora, which help to provide natural humidification helped with vegetation. Hassan Fathy (March 23, 1900 – November 30, 1989, Egyptian Arabic: حسن فتحي ) was a noted Egyptian architect who pioneered appropriate technology for building in Egypt, especially by working to reestablish the use of adobe and traditional mud construction as opposed to western building designs, material configurations, and lay-outs. It is equipped with many Malkaf, an earthen wind catcher, and secondary towers to speed up air circulation and succeed in reducing the temperature by 15 degrees. The substantial volume combines previously unpublished drawings, personal anecdotes, interviews and photography unfolding In short, he builds modest and basic constructions for traditional Arab communities. He was confronted very early with rural poverty, a population for whom he began to build large constructions in an affordable and local medium, mud brick. But also the Rasha/Taka, a small opening at an upper level of a wall or the Shuksheika, the vented or fenestrated lantern over the main hall. He pioneered the use of sustainable materials and environmentally friendly design to build housing for low income families who were being relocated from their original village at Old Gourna. Dethier points out that Fathy had in fact spent the 1930s working in reinforced concrete, following a Western and international modernist approach. The brick is, in fact, the only material used in his works. He also studied the ruins of the Bagawat Necropolis, a mud brick construction dating back to the 4th century AD. The market is the symbolic place of this village, from a social and economic point of view, but also by its architectural success and its natural cooling and ventilation systems of large scale. Hassan Fathy, Building With the People in New Gourna, La Description de l’Égypte: Antiquités, Volume IV. “Architectural form should consider the forces in nature of wind, rain, even how an earthquake shaking it would make it fall in a pattern that follows the geological formation of a mountain,” he once wrote. There are many ways you can support GEN with your time and energy. Nevertheless, Hassan Fathy’s constructed and theoretical work in New Baris is remarkably intelligent. He trained local inhabitants to make their own materials and build their own buildings. Construction began in 1964, but was interrupted in 1967 because of the war between Egypt and Israel, in addition to new regulations on earthen buildings. During his lifetime, Hassan Fathy attained international fame and was a dominant, if controversial, figure in Egyptian architecture. Introduction The master builder, Hassan Fathy (1900- 1989) was one of the first architects to break with modern architecture and to found a new approach based on a conception of interpreting forms and masses from the past. 11 Leïla el-Wakil (ed. In 1963, Fathy began to study the available data: demographic, geographic and climatic surveys. Climatic conditions, public health considerations, and ancient craft skills also affected his design decisions. Nevertheless, Hassan Fathy’s constructed and theoretical work in New Baris is remarkably intelligent. His projects are based on the use of a narrow range of forms made from morphological and structural elements taken from tradition: parabolic arches, square spaces covered with domes, rectangular rooms or narrow spaces with vaults, courts, balconies and wind towers (Fantone 2003). The orientation and size of the streets of this village, built according to the winds, was also a theme that Fathy took up in his natural ventilation system in New Baris. He is one of the Arab architects born in Egypt and he is one of the most famous architects in the world due to his wonderful architectural theories and distinctive buildings that differ in design and construction from any building in the world. The supporting walls are made either of sun dried bricks made of mud and reinforced with straw (adobe), or of local stones, or fired bricks. To spread ecovillages around the World and has consultative status in the design of New structures there also... 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