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"[30] The compositions and varying speeds of movement within the frame inform and interact with Deren's meticulous edits and varying film speeds and motions to create a dance that Deren said could only exist on film. They lived together in Laurel Canyon, where he helped her with her still photography which focused on local fruit pickers in Los Angeles. "The task of cinema or any other art form is not to translate hidden messages of the unconscious soul into art but to experiment with the effects contemporary technical devices have on nerves, minds, or souls.". cinema as an art, form maya deren. She and her husband became active in various socialist causes in New York City; during this time they separated and eventually divorced three years later. Maureen Turin's essay, "The ethics of form: structure and gender in Maya Deren's challenge to cinema", marks a welcome turn in the book to film analysis. ISBN 0 520 22732 8. April 29]1917 in Kyiv, now Ukraine, into a Jewish family,[6] to psychologist Solomon Derenkowsky and Gitel-Malka (Marie} Fiedler,[1] who supposedly named her after Italian actress Eleonora Duse. filmography bibliography articles in Senses web resources Maya Deren: The High Priestess of Experimental Cinema Maya Deren is recognizable as the woman with the enigmatic expression at When her films began to appear in the 1940s, it was still incredibly rare for . Her >influence, especially in independent film, has not only endured but also >increased in the decades following her death. She would work like a bee to get noticed, shaking around, carrying on. Her relationship with Bateson ended in disasterhe snuck off to Germany without telling her.) A new era of strength competitions is testing the limits of the human body. She shrinks in the wide frame as she walks farther away from the camera, up and down sand dunes, then frantically collecting rocks back on the shore. However, Ritual contains a nearly four-minute sequence of ingeniously conceived and thrillingly crafted stylization, which I consider the most fascinating scene that she ever filmedand its one in which she doesnt appear. Deren, Maya (1908-1961)Russian-born American experimental filmmaker often cited as the creator of the first film of the American avant-garde and the "choreo-cinema," a collaborative art between the dancer and the camera. Film documentaries in Kaplan 1987 and Kudlcek 2004 chronicle Derens persona in the art world and her film practice, featuring interviews and clips with Deren. Deren was also a choreographer, dancer, film theorist, poet, lecturer, writer, and photographer. Choose this option to get remote access when outside your institution. Paradoxically, the most exciting and absorbing drama that emerges from Durants book isnt, as one might expect from the life story of a crucially significant filmmaker, the behind-the-scenes efforts that went into the making of Derens movies. From about 1910, however, signs emerged that cinema was on the road to acquiring some sort of legitimacy. Westport, CT: Praeger, 2007. In At Land, Deren more conspicuously acts, with a newly athletic, choreographic element. Deren was a key figure in the creation of a New American Cinema . To revisit this article, select My Account, thenView saved stories, To revisit this article, visit My Profile, then View saved stories. Between 1942 and 1947 she made five short black-and-white films (one . Deren pulls herself up on a hefty bit of driftwood and, peering over its edge, finds herself in a banquet room, at the long table of a dinner party, where she crawls on the tablecloth between the cheerful and unfazed guests. In the first scene of her film-dance Ritual in Transfigured Time (1945/6), Maya Deren appears, leaning against a doorframe. April 29] 1917 - October 13, 1961) was a Ukrainian-born American experimental filmmaker and important promoter of the avant-garde in the 1940s and 1950s. In 1943, Deren purchased a used 16mm Bolex camera with some of the inheritance money after her father's death from a heart attack. Scott MacDonald's "Art in Cinema" presents complete programs presented by . Although she had established a name for herself . Works about Deren and her works have been produced in various media: Deren's films have also been shown with newly written alternative soundtracks: Deren was also an important film theorist. In April, 1945, she made another film, A Study in Choreography for Camera, featuring the dancer Talley Beatty, also a Dunham alumnus, and it attracted attention in the world of dance. In 1941 and 1942, Deren travelled with Dunham and her dance troupe throughout the United States. Throughout the 1940s, Deren worked in independent, experimental cinema, lecturing extensively and developing a network of nontheatrical exhibit spaces across the country. Melbourne where she teaches in the Cinema Studies Department. Clark, et al. It is the first example of a narrative work in avant-garde American film; critics have seen autobiographical elements in the film, as well as thoughts about women and the individual. tbc draenei shaman leveling guide 1 Sekunde ago . Perhaps the only book-length study of Deren's films and theories in relation to each other. Expand or collapse the "in this article" section, Anthropological and Ethnographic Research, Expand or collapse the "related articles" section, Expand or collapse the "forthcoming articles" section, Cinema and Media Industries, Creative Labor in, Film Theory and Criticism, Science Fiction. Derens performance is arch, hectic, more artificial than stylizedher efforts at acting are exaggerated and flat, as if she were trying and failing to put herself over. "If cinema is to take place beside the others as a full-fledged art form, it must cease merely to record realities that owe nothing of their actual existence to the film instrument. written by experimental filmmaker (of the 1940s and 1950s), Maya Deren, because I have seen her famous film, Meshes of the Afternoon in Film 101B; in this . . [4] She became known for her European-style handmade clothes, wild curly hair and fierce convictions. Select search scope, currently: catalog all catalog, articles, website, & more in one search; catalog books, media & more in the Stanford Libraries' collections; articles+ journal articles & other e-resources In the chapter Independents, Experiments, Documentaries Hurd presents a concise but comprehensive biography of Maya Deren. Three years later, mother and child returned to Syracuse; Deren enrolledat sixteenat Syracuse University, where she and another student, Gregory Bardacke, a Communist and a football player, fell in love. Kingston: Documentext. Deren was born May 12[O.S. Source for information on Deren, Maya (1908-1961 . Early Life Maya Deren was born Eleanora Derenkowsky on April 29, 1917. The film footage is housed at Anthology Film Archives in New York City. In the late nineteen-thirties, he worked on a pair of crucial anti-Nazi documentaries, and left the country soon before the Nazi invasion, making his way to Los Angeles, where he was promised work. Cinema As An Art Form. She crosses the threshold, takes up a chair, and begins to unwind a skein of wool. Deren was not quite a dancer, untrained as an actor, but endowed with charisma and temperament, craving not so much to be seen as to be recognized, turning her tumultuous private social life into a kind of performance. She wrote a book, Divine Horsemen: The Living Gods of Haiti, about her travels, but she never completed her film. Maya Deren, Bruce McPherson (Editor) 4.42. 1988. Regarded as one of the founders of the postwar American independent cinema, the legendary Maya Deren was a poet, photographer, ethnographer, filmmaker and impresario. Derens last decade was a depressing decrescendo. Maya Deren >Maya Deren (1917-1961) wore many hats in her brief lifetime: avant-garde >filmmaker, documentarian, author, and Voudoun priestess, to name a few. Her writings on the philosophy of art and technology foreshadowed some of the most highly regarded work in the field today, especially with regard to theorizing the historical and technological shifts in the experience of time. Although her film work certainly has had a huge effect on everything from music videos to feature-length cinema, and spanning genres from the dance film to ethnographic documentary, Derens reach extended far beyond her films alone. Until now, Maya Deren's essays on the art and craft of filmmaking have not been available in a comprehensive volume equally handy for students, film enthusiasts, and scholars. Geller, Theresa L. Maya Deren. In Movies in American History: An Encyclopedia. Published: 2001. Ellen Careys kaleidoscopic self-portraits put her out of synch with many of her peers. Maya Deren. She made several other films before her untimely death at age forty-four. US$19.95 (pb) (Review copy supplied by University of California Press) [Bolded page numbers refer to the original page numbers of the reproduced version of Deren's essay, "An anagram of ideas on art, form . Photographed by Hella Heyman. Berkeley: University of California Press, 2001. Her expression seems confused when she sees two women playing chess in the sand. Deren was born Eleanora Derenkowsky in 1917 in Kyiv, Ukraine. Deren is also the author of An Anagram of Ideas on Art, Form and Film. [24], In 1946, she was awarded a Guggenheim Fellowship for "Creative Work in the Field of Motion Pictures", and won the Grand Prix Internationale for 16mm experimental film at the Cannes Film Festival for Meshes of the Afternoon. Durant quotes from Nins diary regarding the force exerted by Deren among the Village culturati: We are subject to her will, her strong personality, yet at the same time we do not trust or love her wholly. | Scanners | Roger Ebert", "Divine Horsemen - The Voodoo Gods Of Haiti", Martina Kudlek (director of "In the Mirror of Maya Deren") by Robert Gardner BOMB 81/Fall 2002, Article on Maya Deren: seven films that guarantee her legend, Maya Deren biography from Jewish Women's Archive, Divine Horsemen: The Voodoo Gods of Haiti, A Sunday Afternoon on the Island of La Grande Jatte, https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Maya_Deren&oldid=1141681134, American people of Ukrainian-Jewish descent, White Russian emigrants to the United States, Short description is different from Wikidata, Pages using infobox person with multiple spouses, Articles containing Ukrainian-language text, Articles with unsourced statements from March 2020, Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License 3.0, Toronto Film Society workshop; unreleased, unfinished, Original footage shot by Deren (19471954); reconstruction by, Recorded by Maya Deren; design [cover]: Teiji It; liner notes: Cherel Ito, Deren appears as a character in the long narrative poem, In 1987, Jo Ann Kaplan directed a biographical documentary about Deren, titled, In 2002, Martina Kudlacek directed a feature-length documentary about Deren, titled, Grand Prix Internationale for Amateur Film, Her most widely read essay on film theory is probably, This page was last edited on 26 February 2023, at 07:20. She had severe health issues (in 1954, she had major surgery for an abdominal hemorrhage and peritonitis) and serious money trouble; she refused to take a regular job. A new adaptation of All Quiet on the Western Front dilutes the power of Erich Maria Remarques antiwar novel. Despite her feminist subtext, she was mostly unrecognized by feminist writers at the time, even influential writers Claire Johnston and Laura Mulvey ignored Deren at the time,[28] though Mulvey later would give Deren this recognition, since their works were often in conversation with each other.[29]. . With her detailed written scenarios, her careful visual compositions, and her contrapuntal schemes of editing, she characterized her work as films in the classicist tradition, but much of the movie scene that shed inspired was far more freewheeling in method, substance, and tone. Originally a silent film with no dialogue, music for the film was composed by Deren's third husband Teiji It in 1952. Elon Musk: Tesla, SpaceX, and the Quest for a Fantastic Future. In 1943, Maya Deren made one of the most influential experimental films in American cinema, Meshes of the Afternoon, in collaboration with cinematographer Alexander Hammid. In order to support independent film artists, she established the Creative Film Foundation (CFF), which inspired Amos Vogels Cinema 16 as well as the British feminist film collective Circles, among others. What made Deren a legend had to do with her powerful persona and leadership in the arts community, gathering around her a cadre of creative people, noted by OPray 1988. This well-reviewed documentary film contains several interviews with central figures in Derens life such as Jonas Mekas, Stan Brakhage, Alexander Hammid, and others. Improve your films not by adding more equipment and personnel but by using what you have to its fullest capacity. Photographs courtesy Saint Lucy Books / Howard Gotlieb Archival Research Center / Boston University. Suzhou River, Reviewed: Gangland Romance as Political Critique. The movie also has elements of erotic fantasy, as when she strolls with a man who turns out to be four different ones (including Hammid and the composer John Cage), she follows Hammid into a cabin and instead finds yet another man there in a bed, andback on the beachshe stumbles upon two women playing chess and joyfully caresses one players head. [27], By her fourth film, Deren discussed in An Anagram that she felt special attention should be given to unique possibilities of time and that the form should be ritualistic as a whole. In 1943, she moved to a bungalow on Kings Road in Hollywood[4] and adopted the name Maya, a pet name her husband Hammid coined. It covers aspects of her personal life, her most famous films, and important references to her founding of the Creative Film Foundation and related involvement with Amos Vogels Cinema 16. 1917d. Rare Occasion, Auras, Film. Maya Deren (April 29, 1917, Kiev - October 13, 1961, . By twenty, she had completed her undergraduate degree and was divorced, struggling to support herself as a poet and journalist. Cinema as art form considers how cinema has developed through the evolution of editing and narrative techniques and sound synchronization, and then discusses different types of film genre, the neo-realism movement, and the diverse varieties of modern cinema. She runs back through the entire sequence, and because of the jump-cuts, it seems as though she is a double or "doppelganger", where her earlier self sees her other self running through the scene. (This article was completed with the assistance of Laura Stamm.). Deren was also a choreographer, dancer, film theorist, poet, lecturer, writer, and photographer. Berkeley: University of . In 1946, Maya Deren, theorist, poet, and avant-garde filmmaker, wrote a treatise entitled An Anagram of Ideas on Art, Form, and Film. Shed started using Benzedrine to fuel her long days and nights of activity while travelling with Dunham, and kept with it afterward. It was there that Deren met Alexandr Hackenschmied (later Hammid), a celebrated Czech-born photographer and cameraman who would become her second husband in 1942. [16] At the end of touring a new musical Cabin in the Sky, the Dunham dance company stopped in Los Angeles for several months to work in Hollywood. [5] Meshes of the Afternoon is recognized as a seminal American avant-garde film. New York: Women Make Movies, 1987. Deren has generated a great deal of biographical research due in part to the wealth of material available, particularly the holdings at Boston University donated by Derens mother, noted in Clark, et al. Kaplan, Jo Ann, dir. Although she had established a name for herself from a young age as a leader in the Young Peoples Socialist League, as well as having published as a journalist and a poet, and earning a masters degree from Smith College, Deren is best known for her first short film: Meshes of the Afternoon (1943). Oxford University Press is a department of the University of Oxford. I liked her bohemianismshe had no hours. Deren, whose coterie had expanded to include many in the downtown artistic beau monde, became a major socialite in bohemian circles, turning the couples apartment into a center of parties and gatherings, and her connections proved galvanic. [33] It is worth noting that Beatty collaborated heavily with Deren in the creation of this film, hence why he is credited alongside Deren in the film's credit sequence. A biographical sketch built from nine brief meditations on aspects of Derens history, filmography, and reception. Any hours were all right, just like mine.. They are attuned to something that runs much deeper than pure cinema or pure art, something that strikes a chord deep within. Winner: 2005 Book of the Year Bronze Award for Performing Arts. In college it always seemed like the guys who were poets got more girls than the prose writers. As a woman in her mid-twenties, Deren was an artist without portfolio, endowed with a poets imaginative flamboyance and a photographers sense of visual composition, to which she added an activists revolutionary fervor, aptitude for advocacy, and organizational practicality. Kino has a reputation for releasing quality products that respectfully focus on the history and art of cinema. View the institutional accounts that are providing access. Durants book itself, twenty years in the making, bears the illumination of fanatical research and passionate empathy forpractically an inhabiting ofDerens inner world. Maya Deren (born Eleonora Derenkowska, Ukrainian: ; May 12 [O.S. The sin. As the editors describe in their interview with the Camera Obscura collective in 1977, they set out to document Derens life; and despite the first volume clocking in at over 1200 pages, The Legend remains an incomplete project, stopping at 1947, fourteen years before her death. Shot on 16mm film, made for just a few hundred dollars and with only two people, Deren and her husband (Czech filmmaker Alexandr Hackenschmied, who changed his name to Alexander Hammid after immigrating to America), her first film was hugely influential. Later that year, she sought to distribute her films, contacting museums and universities, writing a sales brochure called "Cinema as an Independent Art Form," and taking out a print ad in a . Her performance is full of overtones of other performers: her puckish sidelong glances evoke Katharine Hepburn; and, when she over-earnestly and campily strains in her physical tasks, she brings to mind Bette Davis. Between 1952 and 1955, Deren collaborated with the Metropolitan Opera Ballet School and Antony Tudor to create The Very Eye of Night. Essential Deren: Collected Writings on Film contains all of Deren's essays on her own films as well as . In Meshes, a woman falls asleep at home and imagines an episode involving multiples of herself, a recurring slippage of her house key out of her mouth, a flower that she finds in the street, a knife that she finds on the table, a black-shrouded figure with a mirror for a face, and Hammid himself, who comes home, sees one of the Derens in bed, and approaches her with a tentative eroticism. [43][44][45] All of the original wire recordings, photographs and notes are held in the Maya Deren Collection at the Howard Gotlieb Archival Research Center at Boston University. Maya Deren (b. 331pp. She stated, "I make my pictures for what Hollywood spends on lipstick," and observed that Hollywood "has been a major obstacle to the definition and development of motion pictures as a creative fine-art form." She went after anybody including someone who belonged to someone else. Russian-born American filmmaker, poet, photographer, choreographer, and critic Maya Deren (April 29, 1917-October 13, 1961) endures as one of humanity's most significant experimental filmmakers and champions of independent cinema. Maya Deren, who died at the age of 44 in 1961, was a visionary whose works are still way ahead of their time. As most film historians agree, it carved a path for the American avant-garde and gave rise to underground cinema, shepherding European modernism into the film experiments of such filmmakers as Stan Brakhage, Shirley Clarke, Andy Warhol, David Lynch, and Cindy Sherman. Georges Sadoul said Deren may have been "the most important figure in the post-war development of the personal, independent film in the U.S.A."[30] In featuring the filmmaker as the woman whose subjectivity in the domestic space is explored, the feminist dictum "the personal is political" is foregrounded. The Modernist Poetics and Experimental Film Practice of Maya Deren (1917-1961). [26], In her work, she often focused on the unconscious experience, such as in Meshes of the Afternoon. But the downtown ground had been prepared by Deren. Screenwriter. [27] She also regularly explored themes of gender identity, incorporating elements of introspection and mythology. In the years before World War I there were few people who thought that cinema was or might become an art form. Clark, VV A., Millicent Hodson, and Catrina Neiman, eds. The sequence of walking up to the gate on the partially shaded road restarts numerous times, resisting conventional narrative expectations, and ends in various situations inside the house. [27], A Study in Choreography for Camera was one of the first experimental dance films to be featured in the New York Times as well as Dance Magazine. It was an attempt to "abstract the principle of ongoing metamorphosis", found in Ritual in Transfigured Time, though Deren felt it was not as successful in the clarity of that idea, brought down by its philosophical weight. Derens completed films are home movies, made mainly where she lived; that fact stands at odds with their nonrealistic pursuit of what she called inner realities and the laws of the invisible powers. In throwing out the bathwater of Hollywood commercialism, she also threw out the baby of narrative. We spent a great deal of time talking about her. In a frenzy of creation and organization, Deren seemingly ordered the world around her, at least for a crucial moment, to fit into a pattern of her own design. perte dbut de grossesse; serrure porte garage basculante novoferm She also wrote a theoretical tract in An Anagram of Ideas on Art, Form and Film (1946), which is testimony to her dictum that artists need to educate themselves in old and new . After the October Revolution, her father was conscripted into battle with Bolshevik forces, and Eleanora and her mother endured illness and poverty at home. With no extant theatre for the kinds of movies she was making, she held private screenings at home and, eventually, a midtown art gallery. Despite, or thanks to, her youth, she nearly single-handedly put experimental cinema on the American cultural map, and also became its iconic visual presence. An Outlier to the Pictures Generation Gets Her Due. [9] In 1940, Deren moved to Los Angeles to focus on her poetry and freelance photography. She focuses on key scenes in At land, Meshes of the afternoon and Ritual in transfigured time (USA 1946), analysing Deren's use of socio-ritual and musical structures, the "transformation of . The actor, a fixture of New Yorks experimental-theatre scene, did not become his characters; he stood, somehow, next to them, amused and delighted. Meshes of the Afternoon is a 1943 American short experimental film directed by and starring wife-and-husband team Maya Deren and Alexandr Hackenschmied.The film's narrative is circular and repeats several motifs, including a flower on a long driveway, a key falling, a door unlocked, a knife in a loaf of bread, a mysterious Grim Reaper-like cloaked figure with a mirror for a face, a phone off . In the Mirror of Maya Deren, 2001. Hurd, Mary G. Women Directors and Their Films. According to the earliest program note, she describes Meshes of the Afternoon as follows: This film is concerned with the interior experiences of an individual. An LP of some of Deren's wire recordings was published by the newly formed Elektra Records in 1953 entitled Voices of Haiti. There is no concrete information about the conception of Meshes of the Afternoon beyond that Deren offered the poetic ideas and Hammid was able to turn them into visuals. She left Bardacke (they soon divorced), entered Smith College for a masters in English, and then returned to New York. Certain symbols reoccur on the screen, including a cloaked, mirror-faced figure, and a key, which becomes twinned with a knife. These signs initially pointed in different directions, but eventually a cluster of forms developed, which were to become the cinema as we know it today. View your signed in personal account and access account management features. In revolutionary moments, time seems to accelerate, and changes usually marked out in decades take place in a matter of months. Copy this link, or click below to email it to a friend. [11], Deren began college at Syracuse University, where she studied journalism[12] and political science, and also became a highly active socialist leader during the Trotskyist movement. You could not be signed in, please check and try again. ), Maya Deren and the American Avant-Garde, (includes the complete text of Maya Deren's 'An Anagram of Ideas on Art, Form and Film'), Berkeley: University of California Press, 2001 ), Maya Deren and the American Avant-Garde. My writing consists of critical and personal articles about film, artistic communication, and the societal impacts of cinema, as well as its impact on society. Sylvia Plath, "Fever 103 " In film, I can make the world dance. In the spring of 1945 she made A Study in Choreography for Camera, which Deren said was "an effort to isolate and celebrate the principle of the power of movement. This camera was used to make her first and best-known film, Meshes of the Afternoon (1943), made in collaboration with Hammid in their Los Angeles home on a budget of $250. 1, Part 1: Signatures (19171942). 49 Followers. The sin. "Divine Horsemen: The Living Gods of Haiti", McPherson & Company. In the Mirror of Maya Deren **** (Masterpiece) Directed by Martina Kudlacek. Industrial, Educational, and Instructional Television and Latina/o Americans in Film and Television. 'An Anagram of Ideas on Art, Form, and Film.' In Maya Deren and the American Avant-Garde, ed. Using editing, multiple exposures, jump-cutting, superimposition, slow-motion, and other camera techniques to her advantage, Deren abandoned established notions of physical space and time, in carefully planned films with specific conceptual aims.[4][5]. The acceptance of integration has become widespread and as a result a more informed and evolved society has elapsed. She was also a prolific writer and dedicated activist for film art. One action can be performed across different physical spaces, as in A Study in Choreography For Camera (1945), and in this way sews together layers of reality, thereby suggesting continuity between different levels of consciousness. But Derens prime achievement reaches even beyond her artistry, her personality, the filmmakers she inspired, and the institutions she fostered. The hectic distortions and special effects that Hammid created give the movie its mind-bending intensity, whereas Derens presence gives it its allure and its personality. She was born in Kyiv, Ukraine and came from a well-regarded Jewish family . . Then Hammid comes home again to discover the gruesome aftermath of violence. "[30] Maya Deren washes up on the shore of the beach, and climbs up a piece of driftwood that leads to a room lit by chandeliers, and one long table filled with men and women smoking. Post author: Post published: June 9, 2022 Post category: how to change dimension style in sketchup layout Post comments: coef %in% resultsnamesdds is not true coef %in% resultsnamesdds is not true If you see Sign in through society site in the sign in pane within a journal: If you do not have a society account or have forgotten your username or password, please contact your society. Jackson's work devotes considerable discussion to an analysis of Deren's "An Anagram of Ideas on Art, Form and Film," (1946). It shows a progression from nature to the confines of society, and back to nature. Lewiston, NY: Edwin Mellon Press, 2002. 1917-d. 1961) completed only six films and two monographs in her lifetime, yet she made a huge impact on the history of cinema and the avant-garde specifically. What HBOs Chernobyl got right, and what it got terribly wrong. Home; About; Program; FAQ; Registration; Sponsorship; Contact; Home; About; Program; FAQ; Registration; Sponsorship . Documentary film narrated by actress Helen Mirren. The first of these trajectories is Deren's interest in socialism during her youth and university years".[31]. Though she repudiated any connection of her work to Surrealism, Meshes is at least a work of unrealismof fantasy that explicitly links its action to dreams and imagination. When Maya Deren decided to make an ethnographic film in Haiti, she was criticized for abandoning avant-garde film where she had made her name, but she was ready to expand to a new level as an artist. A personal account can be used to get email alerts, save searches, purchase content, and activate subscriptions. Maya Deren (born Eleonora Derenkowska, Ukrainian: ; May 12[O.S. She felt that she was physically irresistible. Edited by Bill Nichols. C. Nekola, "On Not Being Maya Deren" Wide Angle, 18, October, 1996. See below. marcosdada. She had been interested in that country, and its religious rituals, since her time alongside Dunham; from late 1946 to mid-1947, her intellectual and personal relationship with the anthropologist and filmmaker Gregory Bateson sparked her quasi-ethnographic ambitions to make a film there. According to Nichols, "Taking up another neglected dimension of Maya Deren's work, Moira Sullivan's "Maya Deren's Ethnographic Representation of Ritual and Magic in Haiti" relies on primary source material in the Maya Deren Archive in Boston and Anthology Film Archives in New York.".