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Articulations permitting only slight degrees of movement are ________. The femur and the humerus are able to move in both anterior-posterior and medial-lateral directions and they can also rotate around their long axis. a. hinge, saddle, and ellipsoidal D they make the skull heavier in weight, Which of these organs is NOT protected by the rib cage? a. osteoarthritis True B. Because of the disconnected nature of synovial joints, the bones do not actually touch. gomphosis Sutures bony edges interlocked by short fibers Syndesmoses bones connected exclusively by ligaments Gomphoses "peg-in-socket" fibrous joints Synchondroses bones united by a bar or plate of hyaline cartilage Symphyses bones united mainly by fibrocartilage Which are the least mobile of all synovial joints? The angle between bones is decreased Watch this video to see an animation of synovial joints in action. The calcium binds with troponin on the actin filaments, which permits the myosin heads to latch on and muscle contraction occurs d. articular cartilage softens and degenerates, d. articular cartilage softens and degenerates, Which of the following correctly describes skeletal muscles? At the elbow, olecranon bursitis is inflammation of the bursa between the skin and olecranon process of the ulna. d. attach to each other in their midportions, The ligaments that protect the alignment of the femoral and tibial condyles and limit the movement of the femur anteriorly and posteriorly are called ________. B the ribs articulate with the thoracic vertebrae 2 c. pronation The compression ratio of an Otto cycle is VA/VB=8.00V_{A} / V_{B}=8.00VA/VB=8.00. d. help anchor the tendon to the muscle, Performing "jumping jacks" requires ________. A definitive diagnosis from joint fluid findings can be made only in two situations: crystal synovitis and septic arthritis. Synovial joints are characterized by the presence of a joint cavity. b. feet d. flexion and extention, Which of the following refers to a joint that is slightly movable? c. extension Primary cartilaginous joints: These cartilaginous joints are composed entirely of . She complains of painful, stiff hands and feet, feeling tired all the time, and reports an intermittent low-grade fever. d. Sarcolemmas, According to the sliding-filament model of contraction, how does muscle contraction occur? In contrast, the deep socket of the acetabulum and the strong supporting ligaments of the hip joint serve to constrain movements of the femur, reflecting the need for stability and weight-bearing ability at the hip. Chapter 1. This movement of the first carpometacarpal joint is what gives humans their distinctive opposable thumbs. d. hands and the feet. True or False: Bending of the tip of the finger exhibits flexion. d. A flat, broad tendon that attches muscle to another muscle, d. A flat, broad tendon that attches muscle to another muscle, What are myofibrils? D zygomatic and temporal, An example of a condyloid joint is the: d. hyaline cartilage connecting the two bones of the joint, d. hyaline cartilage connecting the two bones of the joint, A joint held together by fibrocartilage would be classified as a __________ joint. Which ligament of the knee initiates the knee-jerk reflex when tapped? B both are ball-and-socket joints This gives the bones of a synovial joint the ability to move smoothly against each other, allowing for increased joint mobility. Note: The thermodynamic cycle involves four piston strokes. A. medial joint B. tibiofemoral joint C. femoropatellar joint D. lateral joint E . The different types of synovial joints are the ball-and-socket joint (shoulder joint), hinge joint (knee), pivot joint (atlantoaxial joint, between C1 and C2 vertebrae of the neck), condyloid joint (radiocarpal joint of the wrist), saddle joint (first carpometacarpal joint, between the trapezium carpal bone and the first metacarpal bone, at the base of the thumb), and plane joint (facet joints of vertebral column, between superior and inferior articular processes). B phosphorus- becomes part of bone matrix Facet joint osteoarthritis (FJ OA) is widely prevalent in older adults, and is a common cause of back and neck pain. Which of the following is not a true synovial joint? The following is a list of the joints' functional . This causes inflammation and pain in the joints and surrounding tissues. c. The bone moves away from the body B PTH increases the reabsorption of calcium from bones Instead, the articular cartilage acts like a Teflon coating over the bone surface, allowing the articulating bones to move smoothly against each other without damaging the underlying bone tissue. d. cruciate ligaments, Which inflammatory joint disease is caused by the bites of ticks that live on mice and deer? False True/False Saddle c. Condyloid d. Gliding d. Gliding Arthritis is a common disorder of synovial joints that involves inflammation of the joint. d. cartilaginous. She asks the nurse if she is going to be "crippled." c. no overlap of thick and thin filaments c. Hip Which of the following is not a true synovial joint? d. Bursae contain a thin film of synovial fluid, while tendon sheaths lack synovial fluid altogether. D spongy bone in flat and irregular bones, Which statement is NOT true of adult bone marrow? B false ribs I, II and III Locomotion and Movement Zoology Practice questions, MCQs, Past Year Questions . A synovial membrane (or synovium) is the soft tissue found between the articular capsule (joint capsule) and the joint cavity of synovial joints. C & 1023 & & \\ B oseoblasts b. small sacs containing synovial fluid A tendon sheath is similar in structure to a bursa, but smaller. B calcium and phosphorus The actin heads propel the myosin filaments toward the center of the sarcomere; this pulls the Z disks closer together, which shortens the sarcomere and the entire muscle c. protraction True or False: A person who has been diagnosed with rheumatoid arthritis would be suffering loss of the synovial fluids. By the end of this section, you will be able to: Describe the characteristic features for synovial jointsand give examples. c. Perimysium a. interphalangeal joints b. Muscles obtain their energy through anaerobic respiration of glucose; this is beneficial because anaerobic repsiration can generate energy quickly b. are also called collateral ligaments b. shape of articular surfaces C sphenoid Exercise, anti-inflammatory and pain medications, various specific disease-modifying anti-rheumatic drugs, or surgery are used to treat rheumatoid arthritis. A) the intima has the richest blood supply B) villi or folds of synovial membrane are often found projecting into the joint space C) there are variable numbers of adipocytes in the subintima D) the fibrous layer is well innervated E) thicker This problem has been solved! The attack may only last a few days, but may return to the same or another joint. However, not all of these movements are available to every plane joint due to limitations placed on it by ligaments or neighboring bones. Get started for free! They provide a wide range of motion and flexibility. It contains enzymes only. Cartilaginous joints 3. b. synovial membranes C the marrow cavity in the diaphysis b. less mobile than arm joints. b. wrist D synovial fluid, All of the following are synovial joints except: The joint responds by increasing production of the lubricating synovial fluid, but this can lead to swelling of the joint cavity, causing pain and joint stiffness as the articular capsule is stretched. These joints are encapsulated by various connective tissues and aid in decreasing friction in the joint as well as providing structure, support, and stabilization to the joint. c. amphiarthrosis How the bone ends are held together within the joint. At the knee, inflammation and swelling of the bursa located between the skin and patella bone is prepatellar bursitis (housemaids knee), a condition more commonly seen today in roofers or floor and carpet installers who do not use knee pads. c. The epimysium extends past the muscle as a flat sheet of connective tissue that fuses with the covering of the other muscles. A parietal A PTH and calcitonin a. The impulse travels over the sarcolemma in all directions C parathyroid hormone Which of the following statements best describes angular movements? Which of the following joints is more mobile than it is stable? a. Knee b. RA is a chronic, systemic, inflammatory disorder. (c) Identify the energy input Qh,\left|Q_{h}\right|,Qh, (d) the energy exhaust Qc,\left|Q_{c}\right|,Qc, and (e) the net output work WengW_{\text {eng }}Weng. At the shoulder, subacromial bursitis may occur in the bursa that separates the acromion of the scapula from the tendon of a shoulder muscle as it passes deep to the acromion. C vitamin D- becomes part of bone matrix d. Neurons that innervate muscles, What is the name of the connective tissue that surrounds the muscle as a whole? On the basis of structural classification, which is a fibrous joint? D vitamin C- needed for the formation of bone matrix, Three nutrients that are needed to become part of bone matrix are: It is a connective tissue sac that surrounds a muscle tendon at places where the tendon crosses a joint. A suture is a type of fibrous joint that is only found in the skull (cranial bones+facial bones). Some synovial joints also have a fat pad, which can serve as a cushion between the bones. A fibrous connective tissue b. the tibiofemoral joint The bones of the joint articulate with each other within the joint cavity. B they are lined with ciliated epithelium c. treppe b. the insertion A ball-and-socket joint is a multiaxial joint. They are enclosed by a capsule. c. They contain synovial fluid d. They are united by a layer of fibrous tissue. c. Ligaments surround the glenohumeral joint on all sides and strengthen the joint. All of the following are synovial joints except a. B zygomatic c. retraction Other hinge joints of the body include the knee, ankle, and interphalangeal joints between the phalanges of the fingers and toes. b. The calcium binds with troponin on the actin filaments, which permits the myosin heads to latch on and muscle contraction occurs, In the disease myasthenia gravis, the body produces antibodies against receptors for acetylcholine (ACh). A proteins that become part of bone C cartilage discs separate adjacent vertebrae synovial inflammation and destruction of joint cartilage and bone mediated by persistent synthesis of proinflam-matory cytokines and tissue-destructive enzymes, such as matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) (1,2). a. b. c. between the humerus and the glenoid cavity B calcitonin The joint with the greatest range of motion is the ball-and-socket joint. B & & & \\ They are united by a layer of fibrous tissue. b. Calcium is released from the sarcoplasmic reticulum They turn a bone along its own long axis. This patient also had crystals that accumulated in the space next to his spinal cord, thus compressing the spinal cord and causing muscle weakness. a. the temporomandibular joint An impulse triggers the release of acetylcholinesterase into the synaptic cleft. B adipose tissue to store energy. Which of the following is true of synovial fluid? (b) the s sublevel? D occipital, Which bone does NOT help form the orbit? Condyloid joints are found at the base of the fingers (metacarpophalangeal joints) and at the wrist (radiocarpal joint). This is a question our experts keep getting from time to time. c. Weakness, because not all of the ACh will find a receptor, resulting in poor nerve transmission Anatomy & Physiology by Lindsay M. Biga, Sierra Dawson, Amy Harwell, Robin Hopkins, Joel Kaufmann, Mike LeMaster, Philip Matern, Katie Morrison-Graham, Devon Quick & Jon Runyeon is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International License, except where otherwise noted. Correct option is C) Joints are points of contact between bones, or between bones and cartilages. Synovial fluid is the clear, viscid, lubricating fluid secreted by synovial membranes. An impulse tiggers the release of acetylcholine (ACh), which diffuses across the synaptic cleft to stimulate the sarcolemma to release ATP. a. the lateral patellar retinacula The replacement head for the femur consists of a rounded ball attached to the end of a shaft that is inserted inside the diaphysis of the femur. d. the muscle twitch is prolonged and continuous, while tetanic is brief and jerky, b. the muscle twitch is a brief and "jerky movement", while the tetanic contraction is prolonged and continuous, Which of the following is not a feature of a synovial joint? c. Epimysium b. Epimysium True or False: Symphyses are synarthrotic joints designed for strength with flexibility. Exchanges oxygen and carbon dioxide between the air and the blood OC. d. synchondrosis, Fibrous joints are classified as ________. a. All synovial joints are freely movable. a. the amount of muscle tone applied to tendons that cross the joint (g) Find the number of crankshaft revolutions per minute required for a one-cylinder engine to have an output power of 1.00 kW = 1.34 hp. Allows only very limited movement b. b. are lined with dense irregular connective tissue This creates a situation in which the cartilage and fibrous capsule can move and stretch. The membrane surrounding each muscle fiber c. symphysis d. rotation, Presence of a synovial cavity, articular cartilage, synovial membrane, and ligaments are characteristics of what type of joint? B thyroxine and calcitonin Fibrous joints 2. e. opposition, Bending your head back until it hurts is an example of ________. The six types of synovial joints are pivot, hinge, condyloid, saddle, plane, and ball-and socket-joints (Figure 9.4.3). d. pronation, Pointing the toes is an example of ________. b. synarthroses Diarthroses are freely movable articulations. Not all choices will be used. B bone These joints allow for gliding movements, and so the joints are sometimes referred to as gliding joints. Movement at the hip joint does not have as wide a range of motion as at the . True or False: Flexion of the ankle so that the superior aspect of the foot approaches the shin is called dorsiflexion. b. syndesmosis; bony edges interlock d. menisci, An individual with a "double-jointed" thumb can pull it back towards the wrist much farther than normal. Which of the above statements are true 1. This fluid-filled space is the site at which the articulating surfaces of the bones contact each other. b. D insulin increases protein synthesis and mitosis, Which pair of bones directly helps to protect the brain? The breakdown of creatine phosphate D pivot joints are synovial joints, The regulation of the calcium content of adult bones is a function of the: Which type of joints are the suture joints in the skull? Maggie is a 28-year-old Caucasian woman who has newly diagnosed rheumatoid arthritis (RA). Joint fluid is a transudate of plasma that is actively secreted by synovial cells. b. c. fibrous capsule B) Synarthrotic joints are slightly movable. Synovial joints are directly supported by ligaments, which span between the bones of the joint. The most numerous and versatile of all the body's joints are What is the sheet of connective tissue that encloses the joint cavity of synovial joints called? A slightly movable joint is a (an) a. synarthrosis. A 5,3, 2 b. Epimysium Synovitis Synovial joints, such as the hip and knee, have a sheath of tissue known as a joint capsule that contains a synovium. In rheumatoid arthritis, the joint capsule and synovial membrane become inflamed. C the shoulder joint has a shallower socket Autoimmune diseases, including rheumatoid arthritis, scleroderma, or systemic lupus erythematosus, produce arthritis because the immune system of the body attacks the body joints. Ligaments hold the bones together and also serve to resist or prevent excessive or abnormal movements of the joint. Which of the following are correctly paired? III. The correct option is B Cartilaginous joint Cartilaginous joints are connected entirely by cartilage (fibrocartilage or hyaline). A d. Gliding movements allow flexibility of the upper limbs. b. lateral rotation of an extended knee b. ANS: D Feedback A Synovial joints have a cavity. a. Which features of synovial joints are credited with providing friction-free movement? D elastic connective tissue, In the long bones of children, growth occurs at the c. It contains hydrochloric acid. b. the medial patellar retinacula Of all the following the one which is not a synovial joint is: c. The distal joint between the tibia and fibula. A elastic connective tissue c. Synovial membrane and articular cartilage. Planar, hinge, pivot, condyloid, saddle, and ball-and-socket are all types of synovial joints. b. less mobile than arm joints. b. one H zone to the next H zone a. Acromioclavicular joint b. Glenohumeral joint c. Scapulothoracic joint d. Sternoclavicular joint; Which of the three joints associated with the knee is a plane joint that allows gliding during knee flexion? d. uniaxial joint; permits only slipping or gliding movements, c. multiaxial movement; movement in all three planes and around all three axes, Which of the following is a feature of synovial joints? b. treppe \end{array} d. Many muscles cross the glenohumeral joint and limit the mobility of the joint. B nasal cavities d. elbow; pivot. In individuals with more advanced osteoarthritis, the affected joints can become more painful and therefore are difficult to use effectively, resulting in increased immobility. Although it is known that RA is an autoimmune disease in which the body's immune system mistakenly attacks healthy tissue, the cause of RA remains unknown. a. maximal overlap of thick and thin filaments D synovial membrane, Which statement is NOT true of the periosteum of a bone? a. Perimysium It consists of short, branching fibers that fit together at intercalated discs If a joint can exhibit flexion, extension, and abduction, then it is triaxial. a. atrophy Risk factors that may lead to osteoarthritis later in life include injury to a joint; jobs that involve physical labor; sports with running, twisting, or throwing actions; and being overweight. The articular cartilage has no nerve supply. d. tone, Which of the following is a prime mover in head flexion? c. pivot, hinge, and ball and socket a. Acromioclavicular joint b. Glenohumeral joint c. Scapulothoracic joint d. Sternoclavicular joint Structures that Form. Fibrous joint. d. Elbow, Osteoarthritis occurs when c. the extracapsular ligament The primary example is the first carpometacarpal joint, between the trapezium (a carpal bone) and the first metacarpal bone at the base of the thumb. Freely movable (synovial) joints are most abundant and include six types: pivot, hinge, condyloid, saddle, plane, and ball-and-socket joints. This allows the two bones to fit together like a rider sitting on a saddle. All synovial joints are freely movable. Rather, the scapulothoracic articulation is formed by the convex surface of the posterior thoracic. c. the shape of the articulating surfaces A diet with excessive fructose has been implicated in raising the chances of a susceptible individual developing gout. This type of surgery involves replacing the articular surfaces of the bones with prosthesis (artificial components). A strong, fibrous cord that attches muscle to bone At these joints, the rounded head of one bone (the ball) fits into the concave articulation (the socket) of the adjacent bone (see Figure 9.4.3f). C brain A middle ear b. A calcitonin contributes to the maintenance of a strong bone matrix This joint provides the thumb the ability to move away from the palm of the hand along two planes. Whihc joints allow flexion and extension as well as side to side movement? C \rightarrow D \\ Synovial Joints: Synovial joints are joints in the body that are freely movable and classified as diarthrotic. b. a. a. Endomysium A B C D A d. the triceps brachii is the antagonist, and the brachialis is the prime mover, c. the triceps brachii is the prime mover, and the brachialis is the antagonist, The ideal length tension relationship is: Which of the following is NOT true of synovial joints? A \rightarrow B \\ c. synarthosis b. D PTH, Thyroxine contributes to the growth of bones by: The most common cause of hip disability is osteoarthritis, a chronic disease in which the articular cartilage of the joint wears away, resulting in severe hip pain and stiffness. This causes the myofilaments to shorten, which pulls the Z disks closer together to shorten the sarcomere and the entire muscle. B thyroxine 97) ___D___ A) the clavicle and the scapula at the distal ends B) between the humerus and the glenoid . b. between the vertebrae Floxion of synevisi icintt joint angle while extension of aynovial joints joint angle. C joint capsule Plane joints are formed between the small, flattened surfaces of adjacent bones. d. the number and positioning of reinforcing ligaments, b. the amount of synovial fluid in the joint cavity, Connective tissue sacs lined with synovial membrane that act as cushions in places where friction develops are called ________. B symphysis/discs of cartilage Rheumatoid arthritis is also associated with lung fibrosis, vasculitis (inflammation of blood vessels), coronary heart disease, and premature mortality. They change (increase or decrease) the angle between two bones. D all RBCs are produced by red bone marrow, The fontanels in an infant's skull are made of: c. The length of the muscle fiber before the contraction begins B atlas and axis c. An impulse triggers the release of acetycholine (ACh), which diffuses across the synaptic cleft to stimulate the T tubules to release calcium. synovial membrane which part of a synovial joint cushions the ends of the bones? c. the muscle ____ bursae are found where one tendon overlies another tendon. At a pivot joint, a rounded portion of a bone is enclosed within a ring formed partially by the articulation with another bone and partially by a ligament (see Figure 9.4.3a). c. extensor Which statement is NOT true of osteons (haverian systems)? D & & & \\ b. hyperextension The Nervous System and Nervous Tissue, Chapter 13. This fluid-filled space is the site at which the articulating surfaces of the bones contact each other. A subcutaneous bursa is located between the skin and an underlying bone. I and II only 2. B temporal and mandible Shoulder Thus, the thumb can move within the same plane as the palm of the hand, or it can jut out anteriorly, perpendicular to the palm. a. How should the nurse respond? Gout occurs when the body makes too much uric acid or the kidneys do not properly excrete it. d. bone ends covered with hyaline cartilage, d. bone ends covered with hyaline cartilage, Tendon sheaths ________. c. Linkages form between the actin and myosin. c. form the synovial membrane Which of the following is a true statement? What does it mean to be "double-jointed?" d. produce a smooth surface. Examples of this include the articular discs found at the sternoclavicular joint or between the distal ends of the radius and ulna bones. a) The articulating ends of the bones in a synovial joint are covered by articular cartilage. a. Syndesmoses D epiphyseal discs, Two nutrients that are needed to become part of bone matrix are: The elbow joint. The morphology of synovial membranes may vary, but it often consists of two layers. b. flexion Both plane and ball-and-sockets joints are classified functionally as multiaxial joints. These structures can serve several functions, depending on the specific joint. c. diarthroses, amphiarthroses A insulin Answer and Explanation: 1 b. circumduction d. Lyme disease, Which of the following ligaments prevents the tibia from sliding forward in the knee joint? The second movement is a side-to-side movement, which allows you to spread your fingers apart and bring them together, or to move your hand in a medial or lateral direction. a. The Tissue Level of Organization, Chapter 6. A synovial membrane c. metacarpophalangeal joint of the finger As forces acting on a joint increase, the body will automatically increase the overall strength of contraction of the muscles crossing that joint, thus allowing the muscle and its tendon to serve as a "dynamic ligament" to resist forces and support the joint. Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is an inflammatory disorder that primarily affects the synovial joints of the hands, feet, and cervical spine. d. Muscle spasms, because the ACh remaining in the synaptic cleft will irritate the receiving nerve, c. Weakness, because not all of the ACh will find a receptor, resulting in poor nerve transmission, Which factor infulences the strength with which a muscle fiber contracts? C mandible and temporal bone d. ankle, Articular cartilage found at the ends of the long bones serves to ________. The articulating surfaces of the bones at a synovial joint are not bound to each other by connective tissue or cartilage, which allows the bones to move freely against each other. C taste The adult human body contains 206 bones and approximately 300 joints, or points where two bones meet. c. greater than normal production of serous fluid lubricates the joint and extends it And then you have, um, cartilaginous joint, which is ah, connected by Carlos, which is, like, hard like stuff like that and the fibres joints, which is the Senate that . Usually only one or a few joints are affected, such as the big toe, knee, or ankle. A sphenoid They allow electrical impulses to travel deep into the cell, What are the units of contraction in a muscle called? True B. The deepness of the glenoid strengthens the joint overall. 24. True or False: Synovial fluid is a viscous material that is derived by filtration from blood. TRUE or FALSE. C parathyroid hormone 96) _C_____ A) articular cartilage B) joint (articular) cavity C) tendon sheath D) articular (joint) capsule. Joint movement then results in pain and inflammation. c. diarthrosis It can arise from muscle overuse, trauma, excessive or prolonged pressure on the skin, rheumatoid arthritis, gout, or infection of the joint. b. gout b. B thyroxine A increasing energy production a. synovial There are more than 100 different forms of arthritis. d. provide a smooth surface at the ends of synovial joints, d. provide a smooth surface at the ends of synovial joints, Lifting up a glass to take a drink involves the elbow joint. B it lines a bone A few synovial joints of the body have a fibrocartilage structure located between the articulating bones.