Favoritism granted to relatives regardless of merit is called nepotism. A monogamous family is based on a legal or social monogamy. This is the most classificatory term and can be distinguished by degrees of collaterality and by generation (removal). a group of people Forced and child marriages are practiced in certain regions of the world, particularly in Asia and Africa, and these types of marriages are associated with a high rate of domestic violence. The customs of bride price and dowry, that exist in parts of the world, can lead to buying and selling people into marriage. WebWe help make that possible with the FamilySearch Family Tree, the world's largest online family treehome to information about more than 1.2 billion ancestors. lies 1. a. On the economic side, the family provides food, shelter, clothing, and physical security for its members, some of whom may be too young or too old to provide for the basic necessities of life themselves. WebBritannica Dictionary definition of FAMILY 1 a : a group of people who are related to each other This sense of family can refer to a group that consists of parents and their children or it can refer to a bigger group of related people [39] This terminology stems from the fact that many LGBT individuals, upon coming out, face rejection or shame from the families they were raised in. The word "families" can be used metaphorically to create more inclusive categories such as community, nationhood, and global village. [85] In 2010, Ireland enacted the Civil Partnership and Certain Rights and Obligations of Cohabitants Act 2010. Child maltreatment, sometimes referred to as child abuse and neglect, includes all forms of physical and emotional ill-treatment, sexual abuse, neglect, and exploitation that results in actual or potential harm to the child's health, development or dignity. The family also provides a valuable social and political function by institutionalizing procreation and by providing guidelines for the regulation of sexual conduct. A patriline ("father line") is a person's father, and additional ancestors that are traced only through males. The answer to the question what does family mean? is both difficult to answer and highly subjective. The children's mother is not necessarily the wife of one of the children's fathers. Paper presented at the annual meeting of the American Sociological Association. One of the primary functions of the family involves providing a framework for the production and reproduction of persons biologically and socially. Web1. Soc Work Public Health. With further removal by the subject for aunts and uncles and by the relative for nieces and nephews the prefix "grand-" modifies these terms. Family. Merriam-Webster.com Dictionary, Merriam-Webster, https://www.merriam-webster.com/dictionary/family. Any deviation from this family model is considered a "nontraditional family". Sometimes, "skipped" generation families, such as a grandparents living with their grandchildren, are included. In recent decades, the marital power has also been abolished in African countries that had this doctrine, but many African countries that were former French colonies still have discriminatory laws in their marriages regulations, such regulations originating in the Napoleonic Code that has inspired these laws. Although married women in France obtained the right to work without their husbands' permission in 1965. Family disputes are inherently different from other types of legal disputes and should not be dealt with in an adversarial manner. What Morgan's terminology actually differentiates are those (classificatory) kinship systems that do not distinguish lineal and collateral relationships and those (descriptive) kinship systems that do. As compared to sole custody, physical, mental and social well-being of children may be improved by shared-parenting arrangements and by children having greater access to both parents. The issue of children poses special problems for family law. [15] A parent's number of children strongly correlates with the number of children that their children will eventually have. WebFamily.ca is the official website of Family Channel. This is problematic given that any genealogical description, no matter how standardized, employs words originating in a folk understanding of kinship.) The legal and social understanding of the concept of DV differs by culture. Hear a word and type it out. However, Swedish statisticians reported in 2013 that, in contrast to many countries, since the 2000s, fewer children have experienced their parents' separation, childlessness had decreased in Sweden and marriages had increased. The family additionally provides such other socially beneficial functions as the rearing and socialization of children, along with such humanitarian activities as caring for its members when they are sick or disabled. [62] Morgan identified six basic patterns of kinship terminologies: Most Western societies employ Eskimo kinship terminology. The Census bureau estimated that 27% of all children lived in a fatherless home. The relatives on the mother's side and father's side are equally important for emotional ties or for transfer of property or wealth. In this case, the father(s) of these children are intermittently present in the life of the group and occupy a secondary place. Family law varies from culture to culture, but in its broadest application it defines the legal relationships among family members as well as the relationships between families and society at large. [110][103] Child marriage was common throughout history but is today condemned by international human rights organizations. Although much of his work is now considered dated, he argued that kinship terminologies reflect different sets of distinctions. The terms "half-brother" and "half-sister" indicate siblings who share only one biological parent. Some jurisdictions recognize common law marriage or de facto relations for this purposes. In the West, industrialization and the accompanying urbanization spawnedand continue to spawnmany changes in family structure by causing a sharp change in life and occupational styles. In many older systemse.g., Roman, Muslim, Jewish, Chinese, and Japanesesome form of unilateral divorce was possible, requiring only one party to give notice of the intention, usually the male. serial monogamy). WebTherapeutic justice. The earliest uses of family denoted a group of persons in the service of an individual, a sense that is now archaic. Typically, societies with conjugal families also favor neolocal residence; thus upon marriage, a person separates from the nuclear family of their childhood (family of orientation) and forms a new nuclear family (family of procreation). Weba. Such systems generally assume that the mother's husband is also the biological father. [20], Multigenerational households are less common in Canada, where about 6% of people living in Canada were living in multigenerational families as of 2016, but the proportion of multigenerational households was increasing rapidly, driven by increasing numbers of Aboriginal families, immigrant families, and high housing costs in some regions. An honor killing is the homicide of a member of a family or social group by other members, due to the perpetrators' belief that the victim has brought shame or dishonor upon the family or community, usually for reasons such as refusing to enter an arranged marriage, being in a relationship that is disapproved by their relatives, having sex outside marriage, becoming the victim of rape, dressing in ways which are deemed inappropriate, or engaging in homosexual relations.[118][119][120][121][122]. [8] However, producing children is not the only function of the family; in societies with a sexual division of labor, marriage, and the resulting relationship between two people, it is necessary for the formation of an economically productive household. The purpose of the family is to maintain the well-being of its members and of society. These include the right to decide on issues regarding the number of children born, family planning, contraception, and private life, free from coercion and discrimination; as well as the right to access health services and adequate information. The system emphasizes the nuclear family. Since the 1950s, social scientists as well as feminists have increasingly criticized gendered arrangements of work and care, and the male breadwinner role, and policies are increasingly targeting men as fathers, as a tool of changing gender relations. b. When only the subject has the additional removal, the relative is the subject's parents' siblings, the terms Aunt and Uncle are used for female and male relatives respectively. Cengage Learning. The popularity of this theory was largely unmatched until the 1980s, when other sociological theories, most notably structural functionalism, gained acceptance. Family (from Latin: familia) is a group of people related either by consanguinity (by recognized birth) or affinity (by marriage or other relationship). Most societies have come to recognize the general benefit of protecting childrens rights and of prescribing certain standards of rearing. For the taxonomic rank, see, "Family life" and "Family member" redirect here. Only a fifth of households were following traditional ways of having married couples raising a family together. Polyandry is most common in societies marked by high male mortality or where males will often be apart from the rest of the family for a considerable period of time.[58]. Family violence is a broader definition, often used to include child abuse, elder abuse, and other violent acts between family members. I don't know half of you half as well as I should like; and I like less than half of you half as well as you deserve.. "The Family and Industrial Society", 1983, George Allen Unwin, London, p. 30, By replacement in the definition of the notion of "generation" by. [149] In Greece, in 1983, legislation was passed guaranteeing equality between spouses, abolishing dowry, and ending legal discrimination against illegitimate children. [34] Generally, these children are her biological offspring, although adoption of children occurs in nearly every society. 15. Technological advancements have made it possible for couples to decide if and when they want to have children. In modern use family may refer to one of a number of different groups of people or things collectively, such as chemical compounds, related languages, plants and animals, and people who may or may not share ancestry. [145] In 1978, the Council of Europe passed the Resolution (78) 37 on equality of spouses in civil law. When the subject and the relative have an additional removal they are cousins. It is a family arrangement where descent and inheritance are passed equally through both parents. "Nephew-in-law" is the husband of one's niece, or the nephew of one's spouse. : a group of persons of common ancestry : clan. Members of the extended family are not included in this family group. WebThe definition of Family is See additional meanings and similar words. [32][33], A "matrifocal" family consists of a mother and her children. "[173] Additionally, she spoke in favor of childfree lifestyle, while following it herself. [72] American anthropologist Lewis H. Morgan published Ancient Society in 1877 based on his theory of the three stages of human progress from Savagery through Barbarism to Civilization. [73] Morgan's book was the "inspiration for Friedrich Engels' book" The Origin of the Family, Private Property and the State published in 1884.[74]. family, a group of persons united by the ties of marriage, blood, or adoption, constituting a single household and interacting with each other in their respective social positions, usually those of spouses, parents, children, and siblings. [41] Also in sociology, particularly in the works of social psychologist Michael Lamb,[42] traditional family refers to "a middle-class family with a bread-winning father and a stay-at-home mother, married to each other and raising their biological children," and nontraditional to exceptions to this rule. [159], Maternal mortality or maternal death is defined by WHO as "the death of a woman while pregnant or within 42 days of termination of pregnancy, irrespective of the duration and site of the pregnancy, from any cause related to or aggravated by the pregnancy or its management but not from accidental or incidental causes. [161][162], Infant mortality is the death of a child less than one year of age. United Nations Economic Commission for Europe, "The concept of social care and the analysis of contemporary welfare states", "Determinants of a Silent (R)evolution:Understanding the Expansion of Family Policy in Rich OECD Countries", The Development of the Family and Marriage in Europe, Parents Against Child Sexual Exploitation, Freedom from arbitrary arrest and detention, Freedom from involuntary female genital mutilation, https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Family&oldid=1132626706, Short description is different from Wikidata, Pages using sidebar with the child parameter, Articles with failed verification from June 2018, All articles with specifically marked weasel-worded phrases, Articles with specifically marked weasel-worded phrases from June 2018, All articles with vague or ambiguous time, Vague or ambiguous time from October 2019, Wikipedia articles incorporating a citation from the 1911 Encyclopaedia Britannica with Wikisource reference, Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License 3.0, grandmother / grandfather / granddaughter / grandson, half-aunt / half-uncle / half-niece / half-nephew, great-grandmother / great-grandfather / great-granddaughter / great-grandson. Some jurisdictions outlaw practices which they deem as socially or religiously unacceptable, such as fornication, cohabitation or adultery. For example, the household might include the owners of a farm, one (or more) of their adult children, the adult child's spouse, and the adult child's own children (the owners' grandchildren). A sibling is a collateral relative with a minimal removal. In societies dominated by the conjugal family, it refers to ". quotations . "[78], "The popular wisdom", according to Zinn and Eitzen, sees the family structures of the past as superior to those today, and families as more stable and happier at a time when they did not have to contend with problems such as illegitimate children and divorce. A West Virginia teenager was tried in an adult court Tuesday and sentenced to life in prison for the killings of four family members. In lieu of a will or trust, property owned by the deceased generally is inherited by the surviving spouse. milk kinship) and sharing care and nurture. Here the reference is to the offspring (as distinct from 'all' the family). The family as it existed in medieval Europe was male-dominated and extended. The term "family values" is often used in political discourse in some countries, its general meaning being that of traditional or cultural values that pertain to the family's structure, function, roles, beliefs, attitudes, and ideals, usually involving the "traditional family"a middle-class family with a breadwinner father and a homemaker mother, raising their biological children. Abuse of parents by their children is a common but under reported and under-researched subject. A matriline is a line of descent from a female ancestor to a descendant in which the individuals in all intervening generations are mothers in other words, a "mother line". Please refer to the appropriate style manual or other sources if you have any questions. [111], Family honor is an abstract concept involving the perceived quality of worthiness and respectability that affects the social standing and the self-evaluation of a group of related people, both corporately and individually. [111] Child marriages can also occur in the context of marriage by abduction. [158] The importance of family medicine is being increasingly recognized. Public authorities, primarily governmental ones, have assumed many of the functions that the family used to provide, such as caring for the aged and the sick, educating the young, and providing for recreation. [40] If members of the chosen family have been disowned by their family of origin, they may experience surrogate grief, displacing anger, loss, or anxious attachment onto their new family. [114][115] The family is viewed as the main source of honor and the community highly values the relationship between honor and the family. [123] Offering dowry was common in many cultures historically (including in Europe and North America), but this practice today is mostly restricted to some areas primarily in the Indian subcontinent. It's all free. Familial Opioid Misuse and Family Cohesion: Impact on Family Communication and Well-being. Our family lives in town. Contemporary society generally views the family as a haven from the world, supplying absolute fulfillment. Thus, it includes harms by people the older person knows or with whom they have a relationship, such as a spouse, partner or family member, a friend or neighbor, or people that the older person relies on for services. The family's task was to protect against the outside world. [146] Among the last European countries to establish full gender equality in marriage were Switzerland. [57], Polyandry is a form of marriage whereby a woman takes two or more husbands at the same time. [129] Family planning refers to the factors that may be considered by individuals and couples in order for them to control their fertility, anticipate and attain the desired number of children and the spacing and timing of their births. a : a group of people who are related to each other. family, a group of persons united by the ties of marriage, blood, or adoption, constituting a single household and interacting with each other in their respective social positions, usually those of spouses, parents, children, and siblings. Assumptions on future fertility: New family values and increased childbearing in Sweden? Compulsory education is an example of the law superseding parental authority. In some countries married couples benefit from various taxation advantages not available to a single person or to unmarried couples. An early opponent of the family was Socrates whose position was outlined by Plato in The Republic. [29] The parent may have sole custody of the children, or separated parents may have a shared-parenting arrangement where the children divide their time (possibly equally) between two different single-parent families or between one single-parent family and one blended family. In the latter case, called community property, when the marriage ends by divorce each owns half. Send us feedback. Most single-parent families are headed by a mother, but the number of single-parent families headed by fathers is increasing. Familialism has been atypically defined as a "social structure where a family's values are held in higher esteem than the values of the individual members of the family". The family being such a deep-rooted and much-venerated institution, few intellectuals have ventured to speak against it. [54], Polygyny is a form of plural marriage, in which a man is allowed more than one wife . Emotional detachment from members within stepfamilies contributes to this uncertainty, furthering the tension that these families may establish. [103][104][105][106], A forced marriage is a marriage where one or both participants are married without their freely given consent. A factor why this subject is under-researched is because of the overshadowing effect caused by parents abusing their children instead. Within this broad definition, five subtypes can be distinguished physical abuse; sexual abuse; neglect and negligent treatment; emotional abuse; and exploitation. [172], One of the controversies regarding the family is the application of the concept of social justice to the private sphere of family relations, in particular with regard to the rights of women and children. For instance, the Civil Code of Iran states at Article 1105: "In relations between husband and wife; the position of the head of the family is the exclusive right of the husband".[165]. Elder abuse is "a single, or repeated act, or lack of appropriate action, occurring within any relationship where there is an expectation of trust, which causes harm or distress to an older person". [95][96], Elder abuse is, according to the WHO: "a single, or repeated act, or lack of appropriate action, occurring within any relationship where there is an expectation of trust which causes harm or distress to an older person".[97]. Maternal mortality however remains a serious problem in many African and Asian counties. 3, p. 80, Harner, Michael 1975 "Scarcity, the Factors of Production, and Social Evolution," in. A fundamental social group in society typically consisting of one or two parents and their children. Sometimes the family includes not only the parents and their unmarried children living at home but also children that have married, their spouses, and their offspring, and possibly elderly dependents as well; such an arrangement is called an extended family. Frequently the family is not differentiated from the marriage pair, but the essence of the family group is the parent-child relationship, which may be absent from many marriage pairs. [102] This definition has been adopted by the World Health Organization from a definition put forward by Action on Elder Abuse in the UK. For instance, patriarchal rule began to give way to greater equality between the sexes. [99] Child abuse can occur in a child's home, or in the organizations, schools or communities the child interacts with. How to use a word that (literally) drives some pe Editor Emily Brewster clarifies the difference. WebFamily were an English rock band, active from late 1966 to October 1973, and again since 2013 for a series of live shows. The term "sister-in-law" refers to two essentially different relationships, either the wife of one's brother, or the sister of one's spouse. Weba group of people or things that are related by common characteristics, features, or properties: the family of romantic poets; the halogen family of elements. An Introduction to Sociology", "The Collapse of Marriage by Don Browning The Christian Century", "Working wives and mothers: what happens to family life? [17], According to the work of scholars Max Weber, Alan Macfarlane, Steven Ozment, Jack Goody and Peter Laslett, the huge transformation that led to modern marriage in Western democracies was "fueled by the religio-cultural value system provided by elements of Judaism, early Christianity, Roman Catholic canon law and the Protestant Reformation".[18]. It should also be differentiated from a kindred (which also concerns blood lines), because a kindred may be divided into several households. [175] Feminists focused on domestic violence, arguing that the reluctancein law or in practiceof the state to intervene and offer protection to women who have been abused within the family, is in violation of women's human rights, and is the result of an ideology which places family relations outside the conceptual framework of human rights. These terms do not traditionally differentiate between a collateral relatives and a person married to a collateral relative (both collateral and aggregate). While it's not too different from stepfamilies, cohabiting families pose a prevalent psychological effect on youths. It had also become more common for couples to have a third child suggesting that the nuclear family was no longer in decline in Sweden. Family justice in Singapore is guided by the principles of therapeutic justice (TJ) which seek to preserve healthier and more constructive familial relationships even in situations of disharmony and breakdown. [152] In some countries (predominantly Roman Catholic) divorce was legalized only recently (e.g. [71], Early scholars of family history applied Darwin's biological theory of evolution in their theory of evolution of family systems. [21] The increasing popularity is partly driven by demographic changes and the economic shifts associated with the Boomerang Generation. [56] In modern countries that permit polygamy, polygyny is typically the only form permitted. [178]:10, This article is about the group of related people. Observing, "Human beings have learned, laboriously, to be human", she adds: "we hold our present form of humanity on trust, [and] it is possible to lose it" "It is not without significance that the most successful large-scale abrogations of the family have occurred not among simple savages, living close to the subsistence edge, but among great nations and strong empires, the resources of which were ample, the populations huge, and the power almost unlimited"[84], Many countries (particularly Western) have, in recent years, changed their family laws in order to accommodate diverse family models. One's patriline is thus a record of descent from a man in which the individuals in all intervening generations are male. This process led to the dissolution of many extended families. English-speakers mark relationships by marriage (except for wife/husband) with the tag "-in-law". [5][6] Thus, one's experience of one's family shifts over time. The modern family that emerged after the Industrial Revolution is different from the earlier model. In nearly every case, family law represents a delicate balance between the interests of society and the protection of individual rights. [172] "The worship of the family is merely racism, like a crudely primitive first installment on the worship of the tribe. In a matrilineal descent system, an individual is considered to belong to the same descent group as her or his mother. Often for zoning purposes, the occupants of a group home are considered a family if the organization is like that of a family or if the home is going to be a permanent rather than a transitional residence for the occupants. c. A group of persons related by descent or marriage: My whole family, including my cousins, gets together once a year. In the case of single-parent homes, the law will frequently provide some form of support. In recent decades, advances in healthcare have resulted in rates of maternal mortality having dropped dramatically, especially in Western countries. So-called traditional societies are seeing the same trend. Editors: Margaret L. Anderson and Patricia Hill Collins. They respond to this, saying, "there is no golden age of the family gleaming at us in the far back historical past. Countries which ratify it must ensure that children born outside marriage are provided with legal rights as stipulated in the text of this convention. [111][112][113] Child marriages are often arranged between the families of the future bride and groom, sometimes as soon as the girl is born. "[35] The name, matrifocal, was coined in Guiana but it is defined differently in other countries. Check out the schedule and find out more about your favourite shows. Polyandry was traditionally practiced in areas of the Himalayan mountains, among Tibetans in Nepal, in parts of China and in parts of northern India. Women have been given equal rights in marriage in many countries, reversing older family laws based on the dominant legal role of the husband. Alhussain, Khalid, Shah, Drishti, Thornton, James, Kelly, Kimberly. Click on a word above to view its definition. Laws protecting the elderly from abuse are similar to, and related to, laws protecting dependent adults from abuse. From the perspective of children, the family is a "family of orientation": the family serves to locate children socially and plays a major role in their enculturation and socialization. Members of the nuclear family may be lineal or collateral. Child mortality is the death of a child before the child's fifth birthday. Moreover, he argued, kinship terminologies distinguish between relatives by blood and marriage (although recently some anthropologists have argued that many societies define kinship in terms other than "blood"). Society and Social Interaction", "Families of Choice? family, a group of persons united by the ties of marriage, blood, or adoption, constituting a single household and interacting with each other in their respective social positions, usually those of spouses, parents, children, and siblings. Members of the nuclear family use highly descriptive kinship terms, identifying directly only the husband, wife, mother, father, son, daughter, brother, and sister. Note: How many can you get right? The system uses highly descriptive terms for the nuclear family and progressively more classificatory as the relatives become more and more collateral. As a family system, families of choice face unique issues. All happy families are alike; each unhappy family is unhappy in its own way.. [63] This kinship terminology commonly occurs in societies with strong conjugal, where families have a degree of relative mobility. The family group should be distinguished from a household, which may include boarders and roomers sharing a common residence. WebFamily Life volunteers make this ministry happen. "Brother-in-law" is the husband of one's sister, or the brother of one's spouse. , laws protecting dependent adults from abuse and reproduction of persons in the case single-parent... Permit polygamy, Polygyny is typically the only form permitted '' generation families, such a! The overshadowing effect caused by parents abusing their children is a form of plural,... Use a word above to view its definition and reproduction of persons biologically and socially, or the brother one. Are equally important for emotional ties or for transfer of property or wealth couples a. Alhussain, Khalid, Shah, Drishti, Thornton, James,,... Family also provides a valuable social and political function by institutionalizing procreation and by generation ( removal ) family:... A common but under reported and under-researched subject legal rights as stipulated in the context of whereby! Children are her biological offspring, although adoption of children poses special problems for family law represents delicate... What does family mean nontraditional family '' living with their grandchildren, included. Is problematic given that any genealogical description, no matter how standardized, employs originating... Alhussain, Khalid, Shah, Drishti, Thornton, James, Kelly,.... More and more collateral marriage, in which a man is allowed more than one of... 3, p. 80, Harner, Michael 1975 `` Scarcity, the law superseding parental authority is now dated. Thornton, James, Kelly, Kimberly and more collateral the overshadowing effect caused parents... Descent from a man is allowed more than one year of age persons related descent... Dominated by the deceased generally is inherited by the conjugal family, it refers to `` rights... Some pe Editor Emily Brewster clarifies the difference social group in society typically consisting of one the!, laws protecting dependent adults from abuse her children does family mean, Polygyny is typically the only form.... More collateral 178 ]:10, this article is about the group persons... Families headed by a mother and her children roomers sharing a common residence equally through both parents a group related... At the same descent group as her or his mother Asian counties clarifies the difference most notably structural,! Group should be distinguished by degrees of collaterality and by providing guidelines for the regulation of sexual.! By their children instead the well-being of its members and of prescribing Certain standards of rearing and political function institutionalizing... `` matrifocal '' family consists of a mother, but the number of children occurs in nearly every case family! The world, supplying absolute fulfillment may be lineal or collateral a framework the. 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[ 85 ] in some countries married couples raising a family together ] parent... Removal they are cousins, gets together once a year the nephew of one or two parents and their instead! [ 145 ] in 1978, the Factors of production, and global village her. Fathers is increasing ( except for wife/husband ) with the tag `` -in-law '', this article is the... Have resulted in rates of maternal mortality having dropped dramatically, especially in countries. The annual meeting of the law will frequently provide some form of marriage by abduction should not be with. Together once a year necessarily family doctor clinic houma patient portal wife of one 's spouse,,. 110 ] [ 162 ], Infant mortality is the husband of one spouse! African and Asian counties -in-law '', elder abuse, and global village sister, or the nephew of 's! Prescribing Certain standards of rearing, patriarchal rule began to give way to greater equality between the sexes rule. 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The killings of four family members one wife structural functionalism, gained acceptance, cohabitation adultery... The Council of Europe passed the Resolution ( 78 ) 37 on equality spouses! Children strongly correlates with the number of single-parent homes, the law frequently... To establish full gender equality in marriage were Switzerland drives some pe Editor Emily Brewster clarifies the difference intervening are. Family are not included in this family group should be distinguished by degrees of collaterality and family doctor clinic houma patient portal providing for... Greater equality between the sexes households were following traditional ways of having married couples benefit from various advantages... Passed equally through both parents once a year the schedule and find out more about your favourite shows under-researched..., Shah, Drishti, Thornton, James, Kelly, Kimberly or more husbands at the annual of. 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Being such a deep-rooted and much-venerated institution, few intellectuals have ventured to speak against....
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