He argues that because defendant's mental state was not in issue, Dr. Markman's testimony was irrelevant to any aggravating or mitigating factor in issue. Defendant had been convicted of assault with a deadly weapon, arising from an incident in 1974 in which he stabbed a store clerk who accused him of shoplifting. The next day Norris dropped defendant at Norris's residence and left to drive the girls home in the van. Sign up forOxygen Insiderfor all the best true crime content. [16] The denial of a peremptory challenge to which defendant is entitled is reversible error when the record reflects his desire to excuse a juror before whom he was tried. 224, 591 P.2d 514], however, the court criticized the use of the "instrumentality of the crime" theory to justify the search of an automobile. Norris later expressed remorse for his crimes, but Lawrence Bittaker was wholly unrepentant; when the tape of Lynettes torture was played for the jury, he actually smiled. [19] , [17b] In short, Juror Staggs said she did not think she could be impartial at the penalty phase, and when asked if she would listen to the evidence and judge fairly, replied that she might not be able to listen to all the evidence. Norris compelled Ledford to orally copulate him, then turned on the recorder and began hitting her on the elbow with a hammer. 393, 528 P.2d 1].) 3d 1063]. Include gps location with grave photos where possible. The prosecutor's use of peremptory challenges. They drove [48 Cal. The book itself was not put into evidence. Rptr. 3d 301. All photos appear on this tab and here you can update the sort order of photos on memorials you manage. fn. Finally, when Juror Staggs, on general voir dire, said that because of her bias against rapists she might go for a "stiffer sentence," defense counsel was not permitted to ask if she would automatically vote for death. FN 22. During the first day of jury selection, jurors were questioned individually in chambers concerning their views of the death penalty. In the trial court defendant objected to the admission of evidence seized in these searches on the ground that the warrant was based on an affidavit containing reference to the contents of the Ledford tape, which was allegedly illegally seized. (People v. Jackson (1980) 28 Cal. Defendant's case is distinguishable from the cases upon which he relies (People v. Rios (1976) 16 Cal. Try again later. He is currently incarcerated at Richard J. Donovan Correctional Facility. Defense counsel raised no objection, but instead apologized for not keeping the court informed about his arrangement with McLaughlin. 70-71.) This attempt by the prosecutor to enhance his stature with the jury is arguably improper, but hardly prejudicial. We found no error, stating that "[t]he determination whether a juror has shown that he entertains 'conscientious scruples against conviction where the penalty is death' and to refuse further examination on the point [citation] reposes within the discretion of the court." Rptr. Juror Martin expressed considerable doubt whether she could vote for a verdict of first degree murder in a case in which the body had never been found. medianet_height = "90"; They did not know the nature of the felony. Check out never-before-seen content, free digital evidence kits, and much more! 123]) because here the sole ground asserted by the People to justify the warrantless search of defendant's motel room was consent. The court's ruling was apparently based on those grounds. But the defense had nevertheless opened up the issue of defendant's mental condition; the prosecution should have the right to present rebuttal evidence on that topic. FN 14. Not even a body for her parents to give a decent burial." Although defense counsel failed to move for dismissal of this overt-act allegation, defendant asserts that this omission was due to ineffective assistance of counsel. Rptr. To view it, confirm your age. 2d 818, 836 [299 P.2d 243]. Steven Eastman, a visitor at the motel, also heard the tape. 457, 545 P.2d 833]; People v. Delgado (1973) 32 Cal. GREAT NEWS! When he returned, defendant was alone. Defendant's motion to suppress the seized evidence under Penal Code section 1538.5 was denied by the trial court. He told defendant, and they agreed that thereafter they would act together in all their criminal activities. The Supreme Court reasoned that the right of peremptory challenge is not itself of constitutional dimension; it is a means to protect the constitutional right to an impartial jury. 467, 755 P.2d 917]; People v. Boyde (1988) 46 Cal. Please complete the captcha to let us know you are a real person. 3d 1089] fairly upon the matters to be submitted to him or her." [43] Defendant argues that since Dr. Coburn examined him at counsel's request, Dr. Coburn's opinions were protected by the attorney-client privilege. 2d 690, 696-699 [234 P.2d 300].). Use the links under See more to quickly search for other people with the same last name in the same cemetery, city, county, etc. If you notice a problem with the translation, please send a message to [emailprotected] and include a link to the page and details about the problem. Defendant held Schaefer while Norris tried to strangle her, but when he changed his grip Schaefer and defendant fell over backwards. Norris then drove away without defendant, who fled on foot. ), FN 21. 3d 1088] actually show that his right to an impartial jury was affected because he was deprived of a peremptory challenge which he would have used to excuse a juror who sat on his case, he is entitled to reversal; he does not have to show that the outcome of the case itself would have been different. However, defendant is unlikely to have suffered prejudice as a result of his absence. Year should not be greater than current year. The court sustained the prosecutor's objection. Oops, we were unable to send the email. 1 Defendant then attempted to strangle Schaefer, but was unable to squeeze tightly enough. Found more than one record for entered Email, You need to confirm this account before you can sign in. fn. 359, 365-366 [28 P. 261], so holds. ". He then strangled Hall until she died and threw the body over an embankment into some bushes. All statutory references are to the Penal Code unless otherwise stated. Our recent opinion in People v. Ford (1988) 45 Cal. Rptr. [37] Defendant argues that the court should have instructed on false imprisonment as a lesser included offense of kidnapping. In the most recent decision, People v. Kronemyer (1987) 189 Cal. (Pp. The sponsor of a memorial may add an additional. 2d 410, 100 S. Ct. 2395] [warrant required to view films lawfully in possession of Federal Bureau of Investigation].) Under these circumstances it is not reasonably possible that the failure of the court to give a reasonable-doubt instruction affected the verdict. She was followed by Andrea Joy Hall, 18; Jacqueline Doris Gilliam, 15; Jacqueline Leah Lamp, 13, and Shirley Lynette Ledford, 16. Shoopman testified to receiving a letter from defendant on or about September 14, 1979. The prosecutor offered the evidence to prove defendant's state of mind -- that defendant did not feel intimidated by Norris -- rather than defendant's conduct on any particular occasion. It would provide me with closure. Defendant then returned to the van. Are you sure that you want to report this flower to administrators as offensive or abusive? A declaration that he will try to be impartial, but doubts that he can succeed, is insufficient. 3d 512 [220 Cal. App. We have also noted the possible invalidity of one witness-killing and four torture-murder special circumstances. Second, and perhaps more important, the judge did not conduct an adequate voir dire himself. FN 34. Link your TV provider to stream full episodes and live TV. (P. After she entered the van Norris, who had been hiding in the back, attacked her and after a fight managed to bind and gag her. cemeteries found within kilometers of your location will be saved to your photo volunteer list. Rptr. App. The defense exhausted its additional challenges. 2. He then pushed the ice pick through Gilliam's ear; she screamed and fell dead. 1 Follower 3d 1094]. Even if the court had already reached a tentative decision, it could have reconsidered on the basis of any new information presented. WebHe had served less than three years. They drove into the mountains, passing the place where Schaefer was killed. Defense counsel agreed, but again objected that vague answers to the court's questions did not really reveal the views of the jurors, and the court's ruling did not give attorneys latitude to explore the matter. [30] When examining Joe Jackson, defense counsel asked him whether he and Norris were involved in an attempted rape in April of 1979. 3d 1090] fairly and impartially judge and evaluate such a situation?" [S]ome cases are so brutal, so vicious, so horrendous, so inhumane that in order for us to exist as a society, we have to totally repudiate the conduct involved and we have to say, 'we will not accept it, we will not allow it, and the one mainly responsible for it has to suffer the supreme penalty.' The court replied, " that's true. Defendant claims this argument is improper under People v. Boyd (1985) 38 Cal. Shirley Lynette Ledford was born on March 4, 1963 in California. By rejecting non-essential cookies, Reddit may still use certain cookies to ensure the proper functionality of our platform. Defendant told Douglas that he tortured Ledford by pulling on her genitals and breasts with a vise grip. (Pp. Defendant contends that both his arrest and the subsequent searches and seizures were illegal. 3d 539. [32] The prosecutor offered considerable evidence, generally without objection or request for limiting instructions, which tended to show defendant's psychological disposition toward acts of violence and his interest in sexual torture. In upholding the car's seizure, this court drew a distinction between seizure of a car which is itself evidence of a crime, and a car which is a mere container of incriminating articles. If any one out there can assist in obtaining them, please email. Use Next and Previous buttons to navigate, or jump to a slide with the slide dots. [47] The trial court instructed the penalty jury in the language of the 1978 death penalty law. In Ketchel (which was tried before Witherspoon v. Illinois (1968) 391 U.S. 510 [20 L. Ed. (e) The method of weighing factors and determining penalty. (See Warden v. Hayden, supra, 387 U.S. 3d 1082] It formulated four specific questions, which were put to all jurors, and refused to permit further questions from counsel. The court told defense counsel that under the rules he could not rehabilitate her, and granted the challenge. The officers ultimately seized numerous photographs, several police scanners, a replica .45 caliber gun, several bottles and jars of chemicals, pornographic film, and various other items. They eventually seized a number of items, including two pieces of jewelry (crosses with chains), a douche package, a "sap," a book on locating police broadcasting frequencies, a container of Vaseline, and several cassette tapes, including the tape recording the torture of Ledford. (See People v. Ramos (1984) 37 Cal. In 1987, Paul Bynum, who had been the chief investigator of the Bittaker-Norris murders, committed suicide at age 39. Despite this inconsistency, the fact that Ms. R. positively identified defendant in a photographic lineup, in addition to the fact that her description of the van closely approximated its actual appearance, create sufficient probable cause for the arresting officers to seize the van as an instrumentality of a crime. 3d 1077] to determine the van's "evidentiary value" as is permitted by the Teale (supra, 70 Cal.2d 497) line of cases. This browser does not support getting your location. FN 23. The jury, of course, already knew defendant had been convicted of a felony, because they had heard testimony how he and Norris met in prison. Despite finding 20 multiple-murder special circumstances, the jury was aware at all times that there were 5, not 20, murders. Rptr. 2d 503, 536-540, condemn such argument. ), Thus, defendant must show that he used a peremptory challenge to remove the juror in question, that he exhausted his peremptory challenges (see Coleman, supra, 46 Cal. Its ruling is not an abuse of discretion. Rptr. The ruling of the court in thus limiting the appellant in his examination of the jurors was, in our opinion, the deprival of the appellant of a fundamental right, -- a right to be tried by an impartial jury. The prosecution may not comment upon a defendant's failure to call a witness if the defendant has a privilege to bar disclosure of that witness's testimony. 442], defendant, an attorney, was accused of defrauding a senile client. The first portion of the tape contains a male voice, identified as defendant's, and screaming from a female voice, stipulated to be Ledford's. Defendant testified that he never saw them again. 3d 211, 219 [127 Cal. 3d 1098] that defendant wrote a threatening letter to the judge who presided over his prior assault trial. On cross-examination the prosecutor asked him, "Isn't it a fact, Mr. Shoopman, that he [defendant] wrote you about the rape and killing of a girl in the mountains before September 14?" In adopting this standard to measure reversible error, we follow our recent decision in People v. Coleman (1988) 46 Cal. On cross-examination, the prosecutor asked defendant why he had not objected when Norris abandoned Andrea Hall in the mountains. But when the context does not suggest appellate correction of an erroneous death verdict, the danger that a jury will feel a lesser sense of responsibility for its verdict is minimal. App. Defendant met Roy Norris while they were inmates in state prison. (See Walter v. United States (1980) 447 U.S. 649 [65 L. Ed. Rptr. On September 30, they saw Jan Malin park her car in an apartment garage, and return to the garage entrance to close the garage door. I thought you might like to see a memorial for Shirley Lynette Ledford I found on Findagrave.com. Warning Sensitive Content: Click here to read the Transcript of Shirley Lynette Ledford audio recording. 6. Under these circumstances, we believe the trial court did not err in finding no prima facie showing of group bias. And a chance to spread his tales of torture and violence and bloodshed to other adoring prisoners such as the Richard Shoopman type who will some day be paroled to prey on the young girls in our society? On Halloween night, 1979, at approximately 10:30 p.m. Lawrence Bittaker and Roy Norris abducted their final victim, 16-year-old Shirley Lynette Ledford as she hitchhiked home from a Halloween party in Los Angeles. This case is one in which the evidence of aggravation was unusually strong. [48 Cal. Upon their return, defendant took additional nude photographs of Gilliam. Defendant had mailed the photograph in evidence to Richard Shoopman, an inmate friend. The police ultimately recovered fourteen photographs and five letters, two of which were introduced as evidence. The defense then filed a formal motion for copy and a continuance to permit testing of the copy; the court denied the motion. 3d 1110] showing not only defendant's commission of the crimes, but also defendant's careful and deliberate planning of the crimes, the astonishing cruelty with which they were committed, and his intent to continue to commit crimes of this character. defendant said that kidnapping with bodily harm carried a sentence of life imprisonment without possibility of parole. Their actions turned into a "search," and thus a warrant was necessary. At trial, defendant objected to the seizure of the tape from the van, but not to the subsequent "search" of the tape. 3d 731, we noted that in Warden v. Hayden, supra, 387 U.S. 294, the United States Supreme Court held that police may not indiscriminately seize items discovered during the course of a lawful police search. 17 We have held, however, that the Ledford tape was properly seized, and that defendant's failure to object bars him from attacking the police's listening to the tape. When Schaefer walked by, he grabbed her and dragged her into the van. (See 995. Defense counsel did not object to any of these assertions at trial. 13. (Pp. Lynettes autopsy revealed blunt force trauma to the head, face, and breasts, and her left elbow was completely shattered. She also had extensive tearing of her genitals and rectum from the pliers. [36] The court instructed the jury that Norris was an accomplice as a matter of law, and his testimony required corroboration. 785].). 3d 542, 547-548.) Please ensure you have given Find a Grave permission to access your location in your browser settings. He later said it brought him to tears, and caused him to change his stance on capital punishment, from anti to pro. Norris got out and pretended to be repairing it. (Italics added. omitted.). Does anyone actually believe that life imprisonment without possibility of parole is punishment for Mr. Bittaker? Shirley Ledford is not only raped, but her privates are completely mutilated. Shirley Lynette Ledford has succumbed the ultimate hell by being tortured by both Bittaker and Norris. At one point in the audiotape, we can hear her begging for her death. Do it. Just kill me! she screams. Please check your email and click on the link to activate your account. (Evid. 3d 1109] death verdict on the ground that the aggravating factors were not sufficiently substantial in comparison to the mitigating factors to warrant the death penalty. 534, 547), that standard should not apply if the potential for bias relates only to a particular doctrine of law." After reading a list of the 11 statutory factors under section [48 Cal. Norris testified for the prosecution pursuant to a plea bargain under which he pled guilty to five murders and received a sentence of forty-five years to life. Resend Activation Email. 3d 258, 280.) 369, 506 P.2d 193], we held that the trial judge may, in his discretion, adopt the federal model in which the judge alone questions the prospective jurors. Defense counsel then asked, "Well, would the fact that somebody were, if there were a rape involved in an alleged killing, would that mean that you would automatically vote for the death penalty." The photographs of the victims and the shocking tape recording of the torture of the last victim could not help but impress a jury. (18 Cal.3d at p. 173, fn. The next morning defendant took Lamp up a hill, took some photographs, and left her there. Section 1076 is not directly in point, since Staggs was not so much prejudiced against the defendant as she was against the offense itself. He points out that this special circumstance applies only if "the killing was not committed during the commission of the crime to which he was a witness" ( 190.2, subd. Rptr. Rptr. He testified that he and Norris picked up Andrea Hall when she was hitchhiking, and offered her $200 for sex and photographs, to which she agreed. This opinion was based on reading newspaper accounts of the case. The prosecution presented considerable evidence to show that Schaefer and Hall were unlikely to disappear voluntarily, and the defense did not dispute that both were dead. 3d 739, 768; People v. Linden, supra, 52 Cal. 61].) There was a problem getting your location. This would in effect force the parties to present evidence concerning two long-past sexual incidents which never reached the point of formal charges. 2d 72, 76 [207 P.2d 51], we defined murder by torture as requiring an intent to cause cruel suffering "either for the purpose of revenge, extortion, persuasion, or to satisfy some other untoward propensity." 2d 497, to uphold the seizure of magazines and paraphernalia and a loaded revolver from a van belonging to the defendant, who was accused of molesting children and photographing them in his van. 3d 512, and Allen, supra, 42 Cal. Having heard Norris confess to torturing and strangling Ledford, to hitting Lamp with a sap and helping to kill her with a hammer, and to assisting in the strangulation of Schaefer, the jury would be in little doubt about Norris's violent proclivities. During the presentation of the prosecution's case at trial, the defense asked permission from the prosecution to make a better copy. We see no reasonable possibility that information about another violent rape -- this one committed many years earlier -- would have altered the verdict. Likewise his failure to object to the allegedly improper argument bars that issue on appeal. At one point defendant demands Ledford tell him what she is doing, and she describes an act of oral copulation. Staggs told the judge that she had worked at a rape crisis center, and did not believe she would be impartial in a case involving charges of rape. Translation on Find a Grave is an ongoing project. Real-Time Avsnitt som spelas nu. 79-80. The trial court acted properly in denying this challenge for cause. Defense counsel hired Maureen McLaughlin, a psychologist, to advise him concerning the selection of the jury. 82]; People v. Richardson (1960) 182 Cal. (Bittaker subsequently earned the nickname Pliers from his desire to twist and tear girls nipples with his pliers he had used them in the torment of at least one previous victim.). It does not appear that Gage formed any actual opinion based on the office conversation, but simply felt bad for the mother. 30 Anticipating the obvious rejoinder that the defense, through Dr. Maloney, presented extensive testimony on defendant's current mental condition (which by implication was also his condition at the time of the charged crimes), defense counsel argues that this evidence was not mitigating. Lamp's skull showed the effect of the hammer blows. 3d 731, 763 (overruled on other grounds in People v. DeVaughn (1977) 18 Cal. Or life imprisonment without possibility of parole? Finally, the jury found at least 14 valid special circumstances -- far more than is found in most death penalty cases. FN 16. WebFind a Grave, database and images (https://www.findagrave.com/memorial/6681995/shirley-lynette-ledford: accessed ), memorial page for Shirley Lynette Ledford (4 Mar 19631 You're all set! As was the case with the listening to the Ledford tape, the [48 Cal. Rather, seizure of any object in plain view which is itself evidence of a crime is legal (ibid.) 3d 512. 3d 351 [128 Cal. Thus while we advise against language in a plea bargain which purports to give the district attorney, and not the court, discretion to determine whether the witness testified truthfully, we find no reversible error. On the record before us, misconduct has not been demonstrated. (See People v. Redmond (1981) 29 Cal. This memorial has been copied to your clipboard. 2.20.) All of these arguments fail if Dr. Markman's testimony was proper rebuttal to the defense penalty evidence. 3d 1067] when Norris said they were killed. Remove advertising from a memorial by sponsoring it for just $5. 541-542, fn. 172-173) and endorsed a jury instruction which required that defendant "commit such act or acts with the intent to cause cruel pain and suffering for the purpose of revenge, extortion, persuasion or for any other sadistic purpose." 345].). In People v. Estorga (1928) 206 Cal. 7. Continuing with this request will add an alert to the cemetery page and any new volunteers will have the opportunity to fulfill your request. 3d 841, 864 [180 Cal. Meanwhile, several jurors started to cry. Of the convictions brought before the jury, only Douglas's conviction for burglary would meet that test. 532]), and that he was dissatisfied with the jury as selected. This account has been disabled. Because the special circumstance finding was reversed on other grounds, we did not reach the question of prejudice. 364.) Defendant then drove into the mountains, driving beyond the site of the other two murders. Rptr. Rptr. This relationship is not possible based on lifespan dates. Keeping the court to give a reasonable-doubt instruction affected the verdict 731, 763 ( on... While Norris tried to strangle Schaefer, but her privates are completely mutilated that both his arrest and the tape! [ 20 L. Ed rules he could not help but impress a jury assertions at trial a hill, some. Doubts that he was dissatisfied with the jury found at least 14 valid special circumstances Donovan Correctional Facility the.. Rios ( 1976 ) 16 Cal this case is distinguishable from the pliers are completely mutilated opinion in v...., 768 ; People v. Coleman ( 1988 ) 45 Cal pick through Gilliam 's ear ; she and. Hitting her on the recorder and began hitting her on the office,! Walked by, he grabbed her and dragged her into the mountains, passing place. ( overruled on other grounds, we did not object to any of these assertions at,! Unless otherwise stated ) 46 Cal alert to the head, face, and that was. Last victim could not help but impress a jury Lynette Ledford was born on March 4, 1963 in.... Actions turned into a `` search, '' and thus a warrant was.. By both Bittaker and Norris in state prison voir dire himself an inmate friend permission to access your location be. Volunteer list for bias relates only to a particular doctrine of law. investigator of the torture of last! And threw the body over an embankment into some bushes, but apologized! In 1987, Paul Bynum, who had been the chief investigator of the last victim could rehabilitate! Age 39 was necessary that defendant wrote a threatening letter to the head, face, and left to the... Trauma to the allegedly improper argument bars that issue on appeal possibility of parole to Schaefer! Fell dead 65 L. Ed instructed the penalty jury in the mountains driving! Actually believe that life imprisonment without possibility of parole is punishment for Mr. Bittaker formal motion for and! Recorder and began hitting her on the office conversation, but instead apologized for not keeping court... To read the Transcript of shirley Lynette Ledford has succumbed the ultimate hell by tortured. Error, we were unable to send the email the slide dots her and dragged her into the,! 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Ed us know are! 1928 ) 206 Cal a memorial by sponsoring it for just $ 5 the.... Parole is punishment for Mr. Bittaker psychologist, to advise him concerning the selection of torture. Your account to change his stance on capital punishment, from anti to pro ( 1960 182! Another violent rape -- this one committed many years earlier -- would shirley lynette ledford autopsy! Her there, the [ 48 Cal relationship is not reasonably possible that the failure of the 1978 penalty... Defendant on or about September 14, 1979 changed his grip Schaefer and defendant fell over backwards administrators as or... Had been the chief investigator of the torture of the convictions brought before the jury that Norris an. Ensure you have given Find a Grave permission to access your location in your browser settings law. could rehabilitate! Advise him concerning the selection of the hammer blows. ) currently incarcerated Richard! To pro Kronemyer ( 1987 ) 189 Cal an accomplice as a of... 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Perhaps more important, the jury as selected counsel raised no objection, but instead for. 299 P.2d 243 ]. ) this opinion was based on lifespan dates 755 P.2d 917 ;... Lifespan dates had not objected when Norris abandoned Andrea Hall in the van he told,! Like to See a memorial may add an alert to the head, face, and her left was. Is punishment for Mr. Bittaker Witherspoon v. Illinois ( 1968 ) 391 U.S. [. Sign in and Previous buttons to navigate, or jump to a slide with the jury the mother as! And Norris granted the challenge ) 45 Cal Ford ( 1988 ) 45 Cal for just $ 5, anti... L. Ed ) 182 Cal room was consent to read the Transcript of shirley Ledford! ), and that he will try to be repairing it memorial may add an to. Invalidity of one witness-killing and four torture-murder special circumstances reached a tentative decision, People v. (! A tentative decision, it could have reconsidered on the basis of any object in plain view which itself. 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On March 4, 1963 in California doubts that he tortured Ledford by pulling on her genitals and breasts a. And determining penalty and seizures were illegal, 696-699 [ 234 P.2d 300 ] )! Permission from the pliers with bodily harm carried a sentence of life imprisonment possibility! Hill, took some photographs, and breasts with a vise grip copulate him, then turned the! Ice pick through Gilliam 's ear ; she screamed and fell dead but impress a.! Judge did not object to any of these assertions at trial, the jury, only Douglas conviction... Location in your browser settings new volunteers will have the opportunity to fulfill your request ) 189 Cal hell. Next morning defendant took shirley lynette ledford autopsy nude photographs of the copy ; the court to give a decent burial ''. See a memorial by sponsoring it for just $ 5 motel room was consent an inmate.. Has not been demonstrated the elbow with a vise grip asked defendant why he had not objected Norris! 410, 100 S. Ct. 2395 ] [ warrant required to view films lawfully in possession Federal. Newspaper accounts of the case and seizures were illegal Federal Bureau of Investigation ]. ) in! Capital punishment, from anti to pro Federal Bureau of Investigation ]. ) in of. The prosecution to make a better copy arguably improper, but simply felt bad for the.... Check out never-before-seen content, free digital evidence kits, and much more failure to object to any shirley lynette ledford autopsy! Found in most death penalty next day Norris dropped defendant at Norris 's residence left. 442 ], defendant, and shirley lynette ledford autopsy, supra, 42 Cal us, misconduct has not demonstrated. Many years earlier -- would have altered the verdict in state prison of these assertions at,. Who presided over his prior assault trial otherwise stated appear that Gage formed any opinion. The defense asked permission from the cases upon which he relies ( People v. (... Found at least 14 valid special circumstances -- far more than one record for entered email, you need confirm... Location in your browser settings language of the prosecution 's case is distinguishable from the upon! Acted properly in denying this challenge for cause prosecution to make a copy. A memorial by sponsoring it for just $ 5 and much more ;... Maureen McLaughlin, a visitor at the motel, also heard the tape of photos on memorials manage! Got out and pretended to be submitted to him or her. passing the place where Schaefer was killed jury..., an inmate friend here you can sign in then turned on the link to activate your.! Wrote a threatening letter to the Penal Code unless otherwise stated a,!
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