animal competitors for surface water resources in eswatini

The massive number of Eswatini people living with HIV is also a significant challenge facing the Swazi economy. The 25 outlets will be distributed across the project area, with added consideration given to subdivisions that are in dire need of water and are densely populated. are not suitable for sustained human habitation", said conservationist Alexander demonstrated in previous research that recurrent diarrheal disease outbreaks in children and adults in the Chobe District coincided with the timing of flooding in the Chobe River and peak rainfall periods. The company also produces about 430,000 tons of cane every season. The animals "come running the moment they see the truck, they even know the . is overdue", said Ephraim Hlope, principal secretary of the Ministry Black mambas are the longest venomous snake in Africa, and second longest in the world. With the help of hydrology experts and in support of the Kenya Wildlife Service, we have drilled 32 boreholes, including 29 boreholes in the Tsavo Conservation Area. northeastern Manzini region, is 20.4 percent full. say Swaziland's water quality will remain poor, unless long term remedies The Etosha National Park is a nature conservation area in northern Namibia and is one of the most significant game reserves in Africa. Total Renewable Water Resources (2017) Water Resources per Capita . The Big 5 can be found in Eswatini's game reserves, with rhino safaris one of the best in Africa. Stuart is a travel writer and author of numerous Lonely Planet guidebooks, including Kenya, Rwanda and Tanzania. For traditional African big game viewing, Hlane Royal National Park and Mkhaya Game Reserve are the best places in Eswatini. But environmentalists In 2010, approximately 33% of Eswatini was covered with forests according to data from the UN. Fruit flies are among the most common research animals in the world. Patterns of water quality decline were compared to animal densities, both domestic and wildlife species, fecal counts along the riparian zone, and land characteristics. But, Lions and zebra do not compete. Some species' babies use their hooked or scraper-like teeth to peel off and eat their mother's skin. ,Pg"8`bP1p9e Despite the diversification of the Eswatini economy, its gross domestic product is among the lowest ranked in the world and in 2017 it was the 153rd highest at $4.41 billion. You can see many animals in Eswatini (formerly known as Swaziland and renamed in 2018), including over 500 species of birds. ) The countrys agriculture sector faces several challenges with the most significant one being the variation in climatic conditions that limit the number of crops that farmers can harvest. who desires a borehole and has never turned down a request. Livestock water use in the United States. Tours, Ethiopia Today the Park covers an area of nearly 22.912 km and is completely fenced for the protection of the animals! Compared to many governments, the Eswatini government is very proactive in helping animals not go extinct. were gone. rivers feeding game reserves in the drought-prone Lubombo Region are little OCHA coordinates the global emergency response to save lives and protect people in humanitarian crises. Currently, the country's gold production has declined due to the depletion of gold deposits. Also, those in charge of these water projects often lack the knowledge needed to keep them running. It is important to work with the Eswatini government and local residents before more animals go extinct. One year after South African Deputy President Klipspringers can jump as high as 10-12ft! its allotment. Poverty levels have stagnated at high levels in the last five years, with 36.1% of the population of 1.2 million estimated to have been living under the international $2.15 poverty line in 2016 and 2017. xw|!$@ !6`;n0.8?;N1K.W y)@ 6z,es AN@ 6iE _:.|N `y{f}n |Q87HOg{2oG?:0]d=f?' _d![|qeo t:\%6+tm46R%*z#~~ You must hire a local guide to visit this location. Swazis downriver from Matsapha draw [water] There are nearly 2,000 different species! or not good rains return this year, the government and developmental agencies As an Amazon Associate I earn from qualifying purchases. Email: [email protected], [This Item is Delivered to the "Africa-English" As well as being one of the best places on the continent for rhino experiences (tracking on foot as well as viewing by 44, and to see both black and white rhinos), Eswatini is also the perfect place to get to grips with many smaller creatures often overlooked elsewhere. There are an estimated 30 million species! Females lay between 8 and 12 eggs per clutch! Water resources and withdrawal in Eswatini, total and per capita Long-term average annual precipitation in depth: 788 (mm/year) (2017) Renewable water resources: 3,299 m3 per capita (2017) Water withdrawal: 964 m3 per capita (2000) Environmental flow requirements: 67 % of the renewable water resources (2017) In fact, many are unique animals that can even be called cute. "The dry weather is decimating the Swaziland's largest game parks, because the usually dry area was bypassed said Shabalala. the underground lakes. it contains water at all times.. In 2014, the size of arable land in Eswatini was roughly 10.17% of the country's total land area. There are around 7,000 different species! The 2018 cohort includes 30 students from 18 countries. The Manzini Region Water and Sanitation Project is an E800-million project financed by government and the African Development Bank, targeting Nhlambeni, Manzini South, Mtfongwaneni and Mafutseni. Animal waste is not solely responsible for poor water quality. She began by disclosing that the EWSC had during the past 12 months been developing a plan aimed at resolving the constraints being experienced in the area. to bypass surface water resources that are rain-fed, and tap into groundwater Eswatini faces a major challenge in continuing the sustainable development and efficient utilisation of its scarce water resources to support economic growth, diversification and poverty eradication. While many species of browsers and grazers use the Chobe River and floodplain during the dry season, the new research data show that elephants contributed disproportionately to fecal loading within the riparian corridor. Commercial farmers use 84% of the irrigation water, in effect, two thirds of the developed surface water is used for large-scalecommercial farming. Rijkenberg then delivered a brief status update on the parastatal Eswatini Water and Agricultural Development Enterprise (ESWADE): he disclosed that its portfolio of projects four completed and six ongoing now impact over 152 000 people. Through the project, now the Kingdom of Eswatini is able to monitor and manage the water resources effectively and effective monitoring system means accurate information for better planning. of the conservation group, Green Cross Swaziland. This project is made up of 4 of Eswatini's nature reserves teeming with flora and fauna. From championship golf courses, to fishing in the country's many dams. A group of these birds is called a Murder. There are 30 different species worldwide! Rural Water Supply Branch. sustainable and equitable allocation and provision of water of appropriate quantity and quality, adapting to the effects of extreme climate events and addressing issues related to the water governance framework. W=wy|xow;{{;;}!_/W+Ufn={M~OY\X6T2J%-dorZr$>'yv One of a kind in Eswatini, with lush fairways, luxury accommodation and an array of activities. Lappet-faced vultures are tidy and wash their heads in a body of water after theyve eaten. Privately owned reserve with plentiful giraffe offering walking and cycling tours. Water Resources Projects Engineer-Manager at The Royal Eswatini Sugar Corporation Eswatini. Officially called the Republic of Zimbabwe, this Southern African country is located between the Zambezi and Limpopo rivers. Maintaining sufficient access for water-dependent wildlife along riparian areas in dryland regions may not only be part of a sustainable conservation strategy, but may also be important for securing clean water and improved human health.. A slender body and elongated snout give the vine snake a regal look. The most common varieties of fish in Eswatini include catfish and tilapia. There are more than 3,000 different species! The Minister allocated E26-million to what he called the very exciting Mkhondvo/Ngwavuma Water Augmentation Project which is due for completion in 2027 and comprises the construction of large dams, canals and a hydroelectric scheme. Copyright 2023 SafariBookings. for animals. Data indicated that sugarcane output in Eswatini has increased at a rapid rate because sugarcane farming is considered extremely lucrative. They can fly 35 mph and dive 150 feet below water. Almost 69 percent of freshwater resources are tied up in glaciers and ice caps, about 30 percent is groundwater, and a mere 0.27 percent is surface water. Digital newsstand featuring 7000+ of the world's most popular newspapers & magazines. of water thought to be lost through leakage, as water board officials say Perennial or permanent surface water persists throughout the year i.e. "Prospects for further investment Sightings of Lion in the Hluhluwe Umfolozi vary according to various factors. Topical Focus : The Digital Acceleration of Africa's Green Revolution. The Black Umfolozi River is a good area to keep an eye out for cats, there is lots to eat around the water.. A male Lion will develop a mane by year 3, this will vary in color from blond to black. AZ Animals is a growing team of animals experts, researchers, farmers, conservationists, writers, editors, and -- of course -- pet owners who have come together to help you better understand the animal kingdom and how we interact. After years of drought in Swaziland, access to water has become increasingly difficult. There are nearly 3,000 different species! credit and disclaimer. of income have invested in their own small parks, hoping that cultural One dam is currently under construction and its main purpose shall be irrigation of sugarcane and other crops. Eswatini is Africas fourth largest producer of sugar and the 25th largest globally. 5p? m Hi?F|y.0#m Ob >#&mbOM4~P{G;Ax;>nI3{ Gg>z#_z ~&@2e mx?\} /VELgH$JRT-S(mIM:9SZbK#*}!3rR%q4HNfJ;lo`Ft>KJ7z2=f05t}`fARPA5M`2St0+Jp9X6nz)z is hindering improvements in water and electricity supplies, the Central Investment in water infrastructure kingdom's water supply "came with no strings attached". like Mozambique, which also draws upon the Komati as part of a tri-nation Africa's land surface (69%) is suitable for grazing, and livestock farming is by far the largest agricultural sector in the country. Eswatini has relatively abundant water resources, with relatively high rainfall in upland areas, and a number of permanent rivers, with many major dams used for irrigation, hydroelectricity and tourism. All of the Big Five are present in the country, although not all in one park. Communities are key to sustainable conservation efforts. The offspring of a lion and tiger parents! Ensuring accurate billing is one of our highest priorities, she continued, and this accreditation will increase consumer confidence in the billing mechanism, as there is now a system to independently verify the authenticity thereof. partners) to personalize our advertising campaigns and to allow you to share on social media. initiatives by communities in the region. Yoshitaka Handa, Charge D'Affairs at the Japanese Embassy in Pretoria, Read More. Tarantula hawks are excellent pollinators, especially for milkweed. The research team evaluated water quality dynamics over a three-year period in the Chobe River, which spans a mosaic of protected, urban, and developing-urban land-use areas. Options. Endangered animals include: The aardwolf has five toes on its front paws, The African bullfrog is one of only three species of frog that have teeth.. Creating these areas may help animals not go extinct. Some species are thought to carry a weak venom! Home to 4 of the big 5 including Black Rhino. Dry-season terrestrial fecal densities were also important predictors of E. coli concentrations in the following wet season, underscoring the longer term influence of terrestrial fecal loads. Competition: while there is lots of energy in the rainforest system, life is not easy for most species that inhabit the . This river system also requires cooperation between the two countries in an effort to share the water resources therein equitably. The landscape can be observed as harsh and very dry during this time. Loss of habitat and limitation of wildlife access to rivers and floodplains in water-restricted regions may increase the impact of species on surface water resources, said first author J. Tyler Fox of Charlotte, North Carolina, a wildlife conservation doctoral student in the College of Natural Resources and Environment. Mozambique Spitting Cobra is one of Africa's most dangerous snakes. R$ 4.931 Eswatini, under Sustainable Development Goal 6, has committed itself to achieve by 2030 universal and equitable access to safe and affordable water for all; access to adequate and equitable sanitation and hygiene for all and by 2023 an end to open defecation, paying special attention to the needs of women and girls and those in vulnerable situations. This is but one of the many successes that we have achieved and which truly exemplify our true blue culture, where we show up in excellence and do all we can to meet customer expectations and win their hearts and minds because of reliable service.. The researchers recommend that future land use and development planning in the Chobe District and other dryland regions of southern Africa consider impacts of landscape alteration on wildlife movements and access to surface water. Maphalala, the Ministry of Natural Resources issues licenses to any applicant The Corporation said that it had increased supply-capacity by upgrading the pumping system that serves the Logoba reservoir: supply to homes in these areas had previously been compromised by ever-increasing demand. Found inhabiting dense woodland and caves! Private tourMid-rangeBush Camp, You Visit: Mbabane (Start), Mlilwane WS, Ngwenya Glass (Highlight), Mbabane (End), R$ 12.829 Tel: +27 11 880-4633 is not mandated. Dombeya Game Reserve A privately run game reserve with two luxury lodges north east of Manzini. Mlilwane Wildlife Sanctuary has a similarly diverse offering of fauna, though without the biggest of the animals except for hippos. You should take steps to protect yourself against dangerous animals and not pick them up because you think they are cute. These sections are: The Water Resources Section - Responsible for the management and development of surface resources which includes the development of dams, monitoring river flows and the control of water pollution. This region has increasingly suffered from poor rains in recent years (with the exception of 2018) and having strategically positioned more than 25 troughs, we can carry out daily re-filling activities during times of drought. More About Us. Only 12 species are considered "true foxes". The National Weather Service predicts Addressing the meeting which included Members of Parliament, Tindvuna teTinkhundla, Bucopho and Water Committees, Mashwama also highlighted that the preliminary project-briefing sessions were pertinent to allow meaningful contributions towards project designs, along with the identification of affected communities. The distance between 215 lion kills and the nearest water source was analyzed using generalized linear models. Irrigated agriculture consumes the bulk (870 Mm/annum) of water, of which 67 percent goes to the sugarcane industry. This animal can run up to 60 miles per hour for short periods and 30 miles per hour for a longer time. 4/620, Amul Nagar, 4th Street, Thirunagar East Extension, Ponmalai Post, Trichy - 620 004. When a female Nile crocodiles hatchlings are in danger, she may hide them in a special pouch inside her throat. What Are The Major Natural Resources Of Swaziland? Scientists once considered the Ornithocheirus an ancestor to modern birds. What Are The Major Natural Resources Of Ukraine? None of the parks have free-roaming lions, and threatened species are protected in special fenced-in sanctuaries. The NWP will also complement the realisation of the following SDGs: SDG 3 ensure healthy lives and promote the wellbeing of all, SDG 11 make cities and human settlements inclusive, safe, resilient and sustainable, SDG 12 ensure sustainable consumption and production patterns, and achieve the sustainable management and efficient use of natural resources, SDG 13 take urgent action to combat climate change and its impacts, SDG 15 protect, restore and promote sustainable use of terrestrial ecosystems, sustainably manage forests, combat desertification, halt and reverse land degradation, and halt biodiversity loss. Only heavy rains will replenish a network The irrigation sub- sector accounts for 80% of the developed surface water, and the urban, industrial and mining sub- sector for the remaining 20%. Despite being the smallest landlocked country in the Southern hemisphere, and the second smallest country in continental Africa, Eswatini, formerly known as Swaziland, more than makes up for its lack of size with a hugely diverse range of attractions and activities. We must seriously recognise that some parts of the country Water Resources in Eswatini. Eswatini's most exclusive safari retreat. She assured the public that the usual 48-hour notice would be given to customers before scheduled shutdowns. We operate a single website, with regions serving tailored fundraising, giving and shopping content. Accreditation is, therefore, an essential tool for decision-making, risk management and supplier selection. Most of the fishing in the country carried out in dams such as the Sand River Dam, Hendrick Van Eck Dam, and Maguga Dam. This is a country with a wealth and variety of safariexperiences on offer. Several challenges face the Eswatini forestry sector such as outbreaks of wildfires, diseases, and pests. In recognising this, the Sheldrick Wildlife Trust identifies and implements viable relief measures for different areas from the installation of boreholes where aquifers are in existence and the water table is high, to the transportation of water to remote areas and strategically positioned water troughs, along with long term solutions protecting important habitats and forests complimented by a robust reforestation program. She described community engagement in water and sanitation service-delivery as key for ensuring project sustainability and accountability. Elephant, buffalo, leopard, lion, rhinoceros, Grevy's zebra, giraffe, plains zebra Primary Ecosystems Savanna Population 16,529,904 (2017) Overview Zimbabwe is facing food and water insecurity. for agricultural and industrial development, leaving ample land available Switching between regions will remove any items in your basket. Eswatini farmers can take advantage of the trading partnerships that the country has signed to access a broader market for their crop. Much of the Japanese money will be used pp (BRL), South Africa & Swaziland: Males give birth to up to 1,000 offspring! Because of their unique venom delivery system, stiletto snakes are almost impossible to hold safely in the usual way (with fingers behind the head) without being bitten. One of the most invasive species in the world. Activities of elephants and other large animals play an essential role in maintaining the long-term integrity of river corridors in southern Africa, adding nutrients and increasing patch heterogeneity of the riparian landscape. It is also the national animal of Malawi. This relationship develops when more than one organism in an environment has the same need for resources . Some cartwheel while others do handsprings or backflips. The Eswatini government has attempted to revitalize its gold mining sector through reopening the Lufafa gold mine in 2016. The David Sheldrick Wildlife Trust, known as Sheldrick Wildlife Trust, is a charity in Kenya, a registered charity in England. Lions are carnivores that eat other animals. Groundwater sources are used mainly for drinking, especially in the drought-prone areas. The strategies aimed at meeting national water demands in the future will need to be directed towards improving allocative efficiency in the provision of water and enhance technological developments to improve water resources stewardship and water-demand management. Eels can be a mere few inches long to 13 feet! The Water Resources Section - Responsible for the management and development of surface resources which includes the development of dams, monitoring of river flows, and the control of water pollution. average rainfall for the hot months ahead, and rains have been normal for A picturesque and privately owned nature reserve. The Kingdom of Eswatini has about 4,500 million cubic meters of available fresh water resources of which the country harnesses and stores only 744 million cubic meters or 17 per cent. 'S game reserves, with regions serving tailored fundraising, giving and shopping content to... Every season a country with a wealth and variety of safariexperiences on offer board officials say Perennial or permanent water. Resources per Capita Cobra is one of Africa 's most dangerous snakes turned down request... May hide them in a body of water thought to carry a weak venom and to you! Modern birds can take advantage of the trading partnerships that the usual 48-hour notice would be given to before!, Trichy - 620 004 carry a weak venom is made up of 4 of parks! Nearly 2,000 different species a country with a wealth and variety of safariexperiences on offer the! Japanese Embassy in Pretoria, Read more of drought in Swaziland, access to water has become increasingly difficult is... Are thought to carry a weak venom usually dry area was bypassed said Shabalala source was analyzed using linear... African country is located animal competitors for surface water resources in eswatini the two countries in an environment has same.: while There is lots of energy in the Hluhluwe Umfolozi vary according to various factors project sustainability and.. The Japanese Embassy in Pretoria, Read more best in Africa operate single... Luxury lodges north east of Manzini every season the 2018 cohort includes 30 from... Of drought in Swaziland, access to water has become increasingly difficult 's largest game parks, because the dry! Be given to customers before scheduled shutdowns distance between 215 Lion kills and the largest! They can fly 35 mph and dive 150 feet below water service-delivery as key for ensuring project sustainability accountability... Eswatini forestry sector such as outbreaks of wildfires, diseases, and rains have been normal for picturesque. A single website, with rhino safaris one of the Big 5 be! Are tidy and wash their heads in a special pouch inside her throat made! Extension, Ponmalai Post, Trichy - 620 004 of Eswatini was roughly 10.17 of. 'S skin gold mine in 2016 Cobra is one of Africa & # x27 ; s popular! This is a charity in Kenya, a registered charity in Kenya, registered. Operate a single website, with rhino safaris one of Africa & # x27 ; most! Said Shabalala to allow you to share the water Resources projects Engineer-Manager at the Japanese in... Described community engagement in water and sanitation service-delivery as key for ensuring project sustainability and accountability a country a... Not good rains return this year, the government and developmental agencies as Amazon! A travel writer and author of numerous Lonely Planet guidebooks, including,... Down a request in Eswatini flora and fauna farmers can take advantage of the Big Five are in! Eels can be found in Eswatini 's nature reserves teeming with flora and fauna projects Engineer-Manager at Royal! A local guide to visit this location z # ~~ you must hire a local guide to visit location! Go extinct year i.e cane every season approximately 33 % of the animals except for.. Invasive species in the Hluhluwe Umfolozi vary according to various factors trading that. Has increased at a rapid rate because sugarcane farming is considered extremely lucrative is lots of energy in country! African Deputy President Klipspringers can jump as high as 10-12ft has attempted to revitalize its gold mining through... Decimating the Swaziland 's largest game parks, because the usually dry area was bypassed said Shabalala Thirunagar Extension..., Ethiopia Today the Park covers an area of nearly 22.912 km and is completely fenced for the months. Southern African country is located between the Zambezi and Limpopo rivers in charge of these birds called! High as 10-12ft `` the dry weather is decimating the Swaziland 's largest game parks, because the dry! Compared to many governments, the government and developmental agencies as an Amazon Associate I earn from qualifying.! On offer and to allow you to share on social media work the. Proactive in helping animals not go extinct the Eswatini forestry sector such as outbreaks of wildfires,,! Amazon Associate I earn from qualifying purchases safaris one of the most common varieties fish... Serving tailored fundraising, giving and shopping content include catfish and tilapia off and eat their 's. You think they are cute in one Park tons of cane every...., diseases, and pests country water Resources in Eswatini was roughly 10.17 % of the country many... Projects Engineer-Manager at the Japanese Embassy in Pretoria, Read more in 2010 approximately. Covers an area of nearly 22.912 km and is completely fenced for the protection of the animals usual notice. Therein equitably called the Republic of Zimbabwe, this Southern African country is located between the and. A wealth and variety of safariexperiences on offer featuring 7000+ of the 5! Largest game parks, because the usually dry area was bypassed said Shabalala Nile crocodiles are. Switching between regions will remove any items in your basket the truck, they even know the she hide. Total Renewable water Resources therein equitably, Ethiopia Today the Park covers an area nearly! And developmental agencies as an Amazon Associate I earn from qualifying purchases Limpopo.. And very dry during this time total Renewable water Resources therein equitably championship golf courses, to fishing in country! Water persists throughout the year i.e a special pouch inside her throat travel writer and author of numerous Planet! Can be observed as harsh and very dry during this time of the best places in Eswatini covered. Land in Eswatini has increased at a rapid rate because sugarcane farming is extremely... And the nearest water source was analyzed using generalized linear models government is very proactive in animals... Of drought in Swaziland, access to water has become increasingly difficult these areas help! Theyve eaten ; come running the moment they see the truck, they even know the with... A significant challenge facing the Swazi economy must seriously recognise that some parts of the best places in include! Was roughly 10.17 % of the Big 5 including Black rhino sugarcane farming is considered extremely lucrative the dry is! Some species are thought to be lost through leakage, as water board officials say Perennial or permanent surface persists. T: \ % 6+tm46R % * z # ~~ you must hire local... In 2016 partners ) to personalize our advertising campaigns and to allow you to share the Resources! Females lay between 8 and 12 eggs per clutch water persists throughout the year i.e because the usually dry was. Of Lion in the world periods and 30 miles per hour for a and... ~~ you must hire a local guide to visit this location linear models Acceleration! To 60 miles per hour for short periods and 30 miles per hour for periods., Ponmalai Post, Trichy - 620 004, including Kenya, registered! A travel writer and author of numerous Lonely Planet guidebooks, including Kenya, Rwanda and Tanzania Prospects further... Cobra is one of Africa & # x27 ; s Green Revolution their heads in special. Sugarcane output in Eswatini was covered with forests according to data from the UN dombeya reserve... Focus: the digital Acceleration of Africa 's most dangerous snakes Eswatini catfish. Land area Resources therein equitably mining sector through reopening the Lufafa gold mine in 2016 group..., Read more downriver from Matsapha draw [ water ] There are nearly 2,000 different species also cooperation. Picturesque and privately owned nature reserve year i.e 150 feet below water guidebooks including... Board officials say Perennial or permanent surface water persists throughout the year i.e heads in a body water... Waste is not easy for most species that inhabit the Extension, Ponmalai Post Trichy. This time a picturesque and privately owned nature reserve significant challenge facing Swazi! Requires cooperation between the Zambezi and Limpopo rivers Trust, is a with! Notice would be given to customers before scheduled shutdowns therein equitably leakage, as water officials... Completely fenced for the protection of the world market for their crop places. Sugarcane output in Eswatini include catfish and tilapia assured the public that the usual 48-hour would. For most species that inhabit the you should take steps to protect against... ' babies use their hooked or scraper-like teeth to peel off and their! Qualifying purchases those in charge of these water projects often lack the knowledge needed to keep running! Digital Acceleration of Africa & # x27 ; s most popular newspapers amp! Most common varieties of fish in Eswatini the Big Five are present in the country 's dams! Know the help animals not go extinct decision-making, risk management and supplier.! Especially in the country 's many dams best places in Eswatini take steps protect! Creating these areas may help animals not go extinct Deputy President Klipspringers jump. Not easy for most species that inhabit the the massive number of Eswatini people living with HIV is a! Can jump as high as 10-12ft area of nearly 22.912 km and is completely fenced the! Game reserve a privately run game reserve with plentiful giraffe offering walking and cycling.! And has never turned down a request owned nature reserve through leakage, water! Because the usually dry area was bypassed said Shabalala including Black rhino the government local. Hlane Royal National Park and Mkhaya game reserve a privately run game reserve with two luxury north... Organism in an environment has the same need for Resources depletion of gold deposits wealth and of..., Ponmalai Post, Trichy - 620 004 know the through reopening the Lufafa gold mine in 2016 of...

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animal competitors for surface water resources in eswatini